Human papilloma virus (HPV) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Human papilloma virus (HPV) - Essay Example High-risk HPV 16 and 18 are most commonly associated with cervical, vulvar, vaginal, penile, oropharyngeal cancer and anal cancers.3 In females, cervical cancer is the second most frequent cancer worldwide, and the third most common cause of mortality from cancer.2 Additionally, 80% of cases occur in developing countries.3 Although low-risk HPVs (such as type 6 and 11) are not cancerous, they can still cause benign or minimal abnormalities of cervical cells, such as skin  warts  on or around the genitals or anus, and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP).3 These figures are a global public health concern. This report addresses why HPV is a public health problem in developed countries and evaluates the policies and strategies taken to deal with HPV infection. HPV is an entirely mucosal infection and does not include a bloodstream phase. While HPV is sexually transmitted, penetrative sexual intercourse is not necessary for transmission to occur. Many researches indicate unprotected genital contact is a well-documented mode of infection, including genital–genital, oral–genital and manual–genital contact.4-6 For both genders, the infection rate is increased soon after becoming sexually active. Indeed, half of sexually active men and women are infected with several HPV types at any point in their lives, and some may be repeatedly infected. In 2011, Hariri et al. (2011) conducted a nationwide population-based study in the US to investigate the prevalence of both high/low-risk HPV in 14–59 year old females during 2003–2006.7 They found the overall prevalence of high- and low-risk HPV was 43% among 14-59 year old women. They also found those aged 20-24 years are more likely to be affected by high-risk HPV, and the risk decreases with age. Recent figures show almost 7% of adults are infected by oral HPV during their lifetime.8,9 Gillison et al. (2012) conducted a cross-sectional study in

Education mis in East African countries - Tanzania Dissertation

Education mis in East African countries - Tanzania - Dissertation Example The creation of the MIS model will serve the purposes of empowering decision makers and the creation of capacity to deliver better education services across the sector. In the area of requirements analysis, the creation of the specification for the MIS model was executed through incorporation of national and international standards of education, regarding the needs of the users of the Tanzanian education sector. Communication with the users was executed through interviews, as this model offered unbiased information on the viewpoints of the user population. Feedback surveys were also helpful towards reaching the desired information base, as collected from social networking and other ICT-related data sites. Areas of constraints included the vague knowledge of the specifications desired by the user population, the unreasonable timelines of the end-users, and the communication gap between implementation teams and the end-user population. The rationales for the choices made were based on rationale capture and rationale representation, which were verified using argument-based choices. The software requirements specification was designed to emphasize on and foster the usage of management information systems throughout the creation, processing and consumption of information. Performance indicators revolved around the service delivery of service personnel to the documentation of students, and offering a complete picture of the educations sector. The features of the model under implementation include capturing baseline statistics like the demography of users to school performance capacities. Data flow across the sector was created to improve the practice and quality of management across the different user groups. The schedule for the implementation of the model will extend across 2011 and 2012, prior to expansion depending on the depicted implementation needs and uptake capacity. Under design specification, the model was split into two sub-phases: the top level design an d the detailed design level. The implementation of the model covered the development of the model, creation of data collection forms, data entry models and checking of the quality of the application. In the area of testing, the MIS model was tested on a number of areas, including the presence of bugs, model usability, and model compatibility. The model will offer a platform from which the education sector can run in a more effective manner, following the more effective transfer and communication of relevant information across the sector. INTRODUCTION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONALITY OF THE MIS MODEL UNDER CREATION The education sector at Tanzania has historically faced numerous challenges, including the lack of basic infrastructure like electricity at local

Impact Of Globalisation On The Airline Industry Tourism Essay

Impact Of Globalisation On The Airline Industry Tourism Essay Globalisation Process is been a universal force. Factors contributing to globalization include market, production, culture, labour, technology, environment and regulation. Globalization provides huge potential profits to companies and nations. Air travel is a large and growing industry. Economic growth, world trade, international investment and tourism is been facilitated by Airline Industry. Various improvements regarding the air travel both commercial including government and private airlines have grown. Introduction of a few airlines from Boeing like Boeing 747 have increased the capacity of passengers to carry and have made it affordable for people to travel with luxury and comfort. Improvements and contribution from government has increased the development of resorts and infrastructure to attract lure tourists from the prosperous countries in Western Europe and North America. With the growth of economies of developing countries their own citizens are becoming the new international tourists of the future. The rapid growth of world trade in international direct investment has also contributed to growth in business travel. Worldwide, IATA, International Air Transport Association, forecasts international air travel to grow by an average 6.6% a year to the end of the decade and over 5% a year from 2000 to 2010. Airlines industry has been raised by up to 9% a year and is forecast to continue to grow rapidly, although the recession has hit the market in these years. The main air travel markets of the future will continue to be in and between Europe, North America and Asia in terms of total passenger. Example, Airbus and being the current upcoming airlines in commercial with new technological changes. CURRENT TRENDS: The current trends in India as well as other big players in the market based on the regulations are as follows:- The growth of the airline industry is tree having n number of branches irrespective of private or public sector. There has been 7% growth of air travel per year for both business and leisure purposes which grew strongly worldwide. The Scheduled airlines carried 1.5 billion passengers last year. As far as the leisure market is concerned introduction of Boeing 747 made it convenient and affordable for people to travel for new and exotic destinations. Net operating revenues in the quarter were under $2 billion, a 19% increase has resulted in strong anticipated payments volume, cross border volume and process transaction growth worldwide. Down from 7.4 per cent in 2007 IATA exects a passenger Growth at 5% in 2008. The government have merged the Air India and Indian Airlines into one Airline, which will be taken over other private airlines further as per the market demand. The airlines has low stock with the public, but now that there are a host of private airlines, customers are no longer willing to do so. The result is that the flag carrier has been losing both market share and public goodwill. The investment in the private industry is increasing as these days the public sector is been dominated by the private sector. CURRENT SITUATION: Mergers: Mergers have had a great impact as far as the Indian airline industry is concerned. Mergers have either enhanced the economy growth or have reduced it. As far as Indian market is concerned mergers within the public sector have taken place where by the upcoming results are not satisfactory. Expansion: The expansion has created new options for travellers, but it has not significantly affected Airlines position. For example, Air Canada estimated that it had a 90% share of Canadian travel agency in 2001 and sales and share of 75% seat capacity in the domestic market. After Air Canada gained control of CAI, it became the sole carrier on the majority of the top 200 domestic routes. untitled.bmp Approval of major decision: Unlike the private airlines the approval of civil aviation for major decision concerning the officialdom and the other legal formalities and the well being of the industry and the things accompanying it. Private sector investment: As in many other fields like banking or insurance where government allowed private sector entry, the state-owned entity has suffered on the same scale. Firstly the labour under bureaucratic procedures has result in long-delays in operational matters like purchase of aircraft, choice of routes, and sale of bilateral. Profits jump from 40% -50% as far as sales are concerned. OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS The opportunities and threats basically imply the various opportunities that the airline industry is facing and going through whereas, the threats imply the rivalry, the new entrance and substitutes which in turn illustrates the way the progress of the industry or the business is going. Airlines and the allocation and maintenance cost. The airlines are one big industry with huge cost and investment where the allocation cost and the maintenance cost servers as the major factors for the industry. The cost as per as the price is concerned fluctuating market prices are a big threat to the airline industry as ression hits this area and the economy downfall would cut down on the financial part of the airlines to fit the things as per their budget. Like most other industries at this stage, airlines have not been immune to the global economic downfall. At the end of 2008 cargo traffic bottomed out, posting a dismal 25% may decline. Many airlines, particularly in the U.S., responded with aggressive capacity adjustments and an four quarter loss was served. The number of aircraft taken out of service exceeded the number of new aircraft delivered in the end of the year 2008. The expansion of fleets, which forced the airlines to drastically reduce capacity by cutting both flight frequencies and uneconomic routes. Adding to the weak aircraft utilization, defined as the percentage of revenue ton-miles divided into available ton-miles, resulting in disastrous fall in yield by 20%. Though 2009 contained high economies for the airline industry. International cargo traffic improved by 12% over from 2009 till present. Rising demand, shrinking capacity It includes two type of demand namely, the requirement for the flights are high by the passengers but the airlines having their flights are very less as compared to the demand. Due to the economy downfall the visa versa is happing a lot these days. The current ample space available onboard for most aircraft is quite less, though the capacity has been cut out. The market of airlines industry is expected to grow at 13%, and continue to grow at a progressive rate till 2012 as can be predicted. Regulatory pressure There is also increased awareness by industry and additional scrutiny given by FDA and other national regulatory bodies. The Regulations as per the government as to the directions and ways are still pressure and intervention from the private airlines. GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND ITS EFFECT: The response of government to various issues as faced by the airlines industry and the way the it affected the economy: Strikes: The strikes have been faced a lot when it comes to the airlines industry. As per the recent records to the policies given by the government of removal of workers from jet airways in India due to the recession crisis created a strike problem. As there was over staffing of employees jet decided to remove a few employees. Being private airlines the workers could not make a change in the decision and hence ended up with a strike. Finally government took a stand and the process was stopped accordingly. Conflicts: The conflict between airlines and the airlines with the government has many aspects relating to it. As Boeing 737-800 less than two minutes after take-off crashed on May 5, 2007 in the midst of a thunderstorm, but the report said poor weather or mechanical error and the government had nothing to do with it. Kenya Airways is hence fighting against Ethiopia Airlines, Fly540 as well as South African Airlines for control of Africas airspace with safety. The government thus came forward with it and a better management of its weather forecast and other aspects were asked to take care off. Also, Sahara and Jet airways were supposedly to become rivals as Sahara wanted to take over Jet but without having any liability. Hence, the later was taken an off as the deal did not crack out. Taxes: The government imposes several taxes as far as airlines industry is concerned. The tax starts from the upbringing of these airlines in various sectors. Thus, the government has imposed passengers tax for about landing in international airports. Thus an increase in the taxes has a negative impact on the economy though nothing can be done in this context, lest the price is increased considerably. Turnover: The turnover for the airline industry has been quite a subjective matter as in the past two years the economic downfall has removed many employees from their respective jobs, though government airlines are still not under the amount of pressure as per the private ones but a cut down in a salary is the problem they face. The growth in terms of the GDP has been progressing in the airline industry. They differ from country to country. As the highest GDP forecast is for Qatar Airways, Briatin and the least for Iceland. The industry is one with huge investment and huge outcome resulting in dominating a major portion of the economic industry. gdp_growth2009.gif Mergers: The mergers that include the contract between two companies or industries under the same footnote to come and serve as one influencing the other or improving the current scenario. The government are many times in support of the mergers depending upon the situation and the outcome of the merger. Currently as far as India is concerned the merger or takeover of the government airlines by a private one is been talked about. As the situation of Air India these days is been going verse as not sufficient airplanes to carry and Boeing have certain destinations and areas as per the government rule as to where the flights can operate and others. Hence, the government will cooperate if the mergers are for the well being of the economy else it will be of no benefits for the other. Findings: The expansion of the airline industry is on hype. The growth of the airline industry is having a positive impact on the economy as they in turn are the inflow of cash for various other activities. In general for the airline industry are to be meet when a decision concerning the same is been taken into consideration. As the civil flying standards are to be meet. The current trends or recession has hit the airline industry to a less extent as compared to the others. And hence, it still serves its purpose and is least affected by the economic downfall, effect was seen only on the initial stages where a lot of flights were cut down and those relating to the less economic places had no longer flight schedules. Difficulty is faced when a new player gets into the airline industry due to huge infrastructure and much because of the government rules and policies. Once the airline industry requires huge some of investment as well as a favourable balance to carry out the rest. Private sector has been dominating the airlines and future can be seen as the private players are the market leaders and the government intervention has been quite reduced. New techniques of constant improvement as far as the technical aspect of airlines is concerned and Boeing has made a few major changes in its airlines and technology has been improved for the better. Constant updating for comfort and luxury are taking the upmost priority and the cost are been kept into the budget of the current public scenario. Highly complicated set off recruitments and processes for talking the employees have been faced as far as the private airlines are concerned and government strictness over the official commercial airlines too have maximised. Cut throat competition have been faced with in the several companies of airlines, where by options for talking over the other is been the best outcome to reduce the competition. RECOMENDATION The regulations pertaining to the airline industry are quite transparent and need less scope of improvement. The target market should soon hit the lower income groups as well though efforts are been done for the same but not internationally. As per the flights schedules, weather and other environmental factor the frequency of flights should be increased. Negotiate long-term contracts with service providers to lock-in incremental fees and surcharges as such. Evaluate the feasibility of ocean freight and for some portion of international deliveries which hold importance. Establish and develop high Quality Agreements between appropriate stakeholders Develop a Plan B which means to hit the target market and serves the industry well. Further scope of improvement from the government of motivating the online booking strategy. Government intervention should be slightly reduced and proper taxes should be charged and reviewed. Strengthen and change the impact and regulation wherever necessary.

The Product of Manchester AirportManchester Airport is a service Essays

The Product of Manchester AirportManchester Airport is a service company. Its products are mainly the facilities it provides e.g. the runways and terminal. BUSINESS ACITIVITY The Product of Manchester Airport Manchester Airport is a service company. Its products are mainly the facilities it provides e.g. the runways and terminals and also the services it offers to its customers i.e. the airlines. The Airport Company acts as landlord and guardian of the whole site – providing the infrastructure and main facilities e.g. roads, drains, phones, runways and terminals. Its income comes from the charges and costs for using the facilities e.g. airlines pay for the runway, handling agents pay for ticket desks and shopkeepers pay rent. The Airport Company is also responsible for: 1 Marketing and promoting the Airport brand 2 Lobbying Government and other authorities 3 Environmental standards 4 Ensuring a safe and efficient Airport. Products for Airlines and Tour Operators Manchester Airport offers products and services directly to airlines and tour operators, and in other cases acts as landlord and regulator of services for the may private companies that make the Airport diverse. Runways Manchester Airport has two runways, each 3,050 meters in length. Runways need to be this length to enable aircraft of all sizes and weights to land and take off safely. They operate in segregated mode, which means one runway is used for take offs and the other for landings. Passenger Facilities In order to process passengers through the Airport, Manchester Airport plc provides facilities such as check-in desks, baggage handling systems and a number of high street retail outlets. Security With the exception of Hold Baggage Screening, Manchester Airport Aviation Services (MAAS) is responsible for the aviation security service at the Airport in areas of access control, searching and screening of passengers and baggage, and ensuring that the Airport complies with legislation and guidelines issued by the Department for Transport and the International Civil Aviation Organisation. Hand baggage may be checked at any time within the Airport area, as part of the Airport’s visitor security policy. The US Federal Aviation Authority stipulates that all passengers on flights with US-based carries have an extra security scr... ...by The Aviation Society and has staff of trained guides who lead educational tours for groups of all ages, providing a structured and informative introduction of life at the Airport . Aviation Viewing Park Spectacular views can also be seen from the Aviation Viewing Park, which is managed by the Bollin Valley Rangers. Education The variety of activities and vibrant of the Airport helps stimulate exciting ideas fir educational projects. Over the years, the Airport’s educational officer has worked with many of the 3,000 schools and a large number of collages in the immediate catchments area of greater Manchester and Cheshire, as well as others through out the north of England and Wales. NHS Walk-in Centre This is a one-stop drop in centre for travellers, other visitors to the Airport and the local community to ask immediate health related questions. Occupational health Unit The centre provides pre-employment medicals for staff working at the Airport and CAA medicals for air crew as well as providing confidential support and advice to employees. Petrol stations The Airport owns and manages two petrol stations on site, these are part of MAVL. The Product of Manchester AirportManchester Airport is a service Essays The Product of Manchester AirportManchester Airport is a service company. Its products are mainly the facilities it provides e.g. the runways and terminal. BUSINESS ACITIVITY The Product of Manchester Airport Manchester Airport is a service company. Its products are mainly the facilities it provides e.g. the runways and terminals and also the services it offers to its customers i.e. the airlines. The Airport Company acts as landlord and guardian of the whole site – providing the infrastructure and main facilities e.g. roads, drains, phones, runways and terminals. Its income comes from the charges and costs for using the facilities e.g. airlines pay for the runway, handling agents pay for ticket desks and shopkeepers pay rent. The Airport Company is also responsible for: 1 Marketing and promoting the Airport brand 2 Lobbying Government and other authorities 3 Environmental standards 4 Ensuring a safe and efficient Airport. Products for Airlines and Tour Operators Manchester Airport offers products and services directly to airlines and tour operators, and in other cases acts as landlord and regulator of services for the may private companies that make the Airport diverse. Runways Manchester Airport has two runways, each 3,050 meters in length. Runways need to be this length to enable aircraft of all sizes and weights to land and take off safely. They operate in segregated mode, which means one runway is used for take offs and the other for landings. Passenger Facilities In order to process passengers through the Airport, Manchester Airport plc provides facilities such as check-in desks, baggage handling systems and a number of high street retail outlets. Security With the exception of Hold Baggage Screening, Manchester Airport Aviation Services (MAAS) is responsible for the aviation security service at the Airport in areas of access control, searching and screening of passengers and baggage, and ensuring that the Airport complies with legislation and guidelines issued by the Department for Transport and the International Civil Aviation Organisation. Hand baggage may be checked at any time within the Airport area, as part of the Airport’s visitor security policy. The US Federal Aviation Authority stipulates that all passengers on flights with US-based carries have an extra security scr... ...by The Aviation Society and has staff of trained guides who lead educational tours for groups of all ages, providing a structured and informative introduction of life at the Airport . Aviation Viewing Park Spectacular views can also be seen from the Aviation Viewing Park, which is managed by the Bollin Valley Rangers. Education The variety of activities and vibrant of the Airport helps stimulate exciting ideas fir educational projects. Over the years, the Airport’s educational officer has worked with many of the 3,000 schools and a large number of collages in the immediate catchments area of greater Manchester and Cheshire, as well as others through out the north of England and Wales. NHS Walk-in Centre This is a one-stop drop in centre for travellers, other visitors to the Airport and the local community to ask immediate health related questions. Occupational health Unit The centre provides pre-employment medicals for staff working at the Airport and CAA medicals for air crew as well as providing confidential support and advice to employees. Petrol stations The Airport owns and manages two petrol stations on site, these are part of MAVL.

Introduction to Sociology Essay

In this paper it will evaluate the impact of sociological behind what we call family and social change that has evolved during the ages. There are three factors that must be reviewed Functionalism, Conflict, and Interactionism. 1. Functionalism * Functionalism would claim that each member of the family is interdependent and contributes to the functioning of the family. * Family members play their role and have great attitudes there is balance, peace and unity in the family. * The rebel against his or her role then the role as a family as a whole suffers imbalance, stress, disunity and dysfunctional tendencies. * Each member has some power to agree to disagree what is decided. * By having input into decisions each member feels validated and the family can grow based on the idea of consensus rather than authoritarianism. 2. The functionalist theory is a sociological philosophy that attempts to explain social institutions as collective means to fill individual biological needs. 3. The Conflict Theory is a theory that states that society or an organization functions so that each individual participant and its group struggle to maximize their benefits which inevitably contributes to social change such as political views and revolutions. * The theory of conflict within families starts with the premises that family members undergo conflicts and disharmony. * The study includes family dynamics and the roles played by various family members. * The source of the power and the causes of the conflict must be identified. * When the family is dissected and the sources of conflict and power identified the family can better and more effective ways to communicate. * The study of dynamics can help members become more empathetic and understanding of the underlying causes of their conflict. 4. The interactism theory has become one of the dominant sociological perspectives in the world today. The theory studies individuals and how they interact in society. * Symbolic interaction theory describes the family as a unit of interacting personalities. * This theory focuses attention to the way people interact through words, gestures rules and roles. * It is based on how humans develop a complex set of symbols to give meaning to the world. * Understanding these symbols is important in understanding human behavior. * Symbolic interactionism unique contributions to family are families are social groups and that individuals develop both a concept of self and their identities through social interactions. * Symbolic interactism is the way we learn and give meaning to the world through our interactions with others. 5. All three theories, interactism, conflict, and functionalism have to do with social and mental states of the family being determined by a specific role or condition. 6. Functionalist is a macro level analysis. It focuses on how people come together to create society. * It also focuses on whether the actions are good for the equilibrium of society and these are called dysfunctions. * Conflict theory do not see society as whole coming together well for one purpose. It focuses on class conflict. * The main difference between the three is that functionalism and conflict are macro level. Symbolic interactism is micro-level. The beginning of life is the institution most responsible for the achievement of adult satisfaction and social integration. The beginning of human life begins with the family institution; depending on the upbringing of the person will likely determine the social future for society. * Functionalists view the family from the standpoint of universal functions the family provides to society. * Symbolic interactions views family as to what they can bring into society from study how they interact with each other. * Conflict theory focuses on class conflict or the conflict with the family as a group. Conclusion: Each theory will affect social change within the selected institution and depending on how each person uses this information will depend on how society views them as a whole. References: WWW. How does interactionism theory apply to family.edu Social Interactism theory by Lee Flamed.edu Conflict theory- New World Encyclopedia. Functilism theory- New World Encyclopedia Vising, Y (2011). Introduction to Sociology. San Diego, CA: Bridge point Education,Inc. *

Victoria Secret

VICTORIA SECRET MARKEITNG STRATEGY MARKET OBJECTIVES Focus on Product Strategy In order to penetrate into the Asian market, Victoria’s Secret should focus on product strategy, as the pressure for customization is high in order to offer points of difference to Asian consumers. This can be carefully managed by establishing an R&D team in Singapore to focus on the Asian market.By setting up a human engineering research centre which carries out detailed research into body shapes and sizes and other related areas such as human sensibilities and physiology, centering its research towards Asians, Victoria’s Secret could successfully tailor its products to suit the local market. Product testing and performance evaluation With new innovations, Victoria’s Secret can subsequently test its new products via its official website or a new website catered to the Asian market. This allows the company to track and analyze sales, which in turns helps to improve research.In addition , it is important to use the existing physical stores at Resorts World Sentosa and Changi Airport to showcase new products catered specially to the local market. Performance audit and brand tracking can be done to identify areas of improvement as well as testing the feasibility of the strategies used. Evaluating the performance would help Victoria’s Secret to decide if the company should continue with the geographic expansion strategy and also identify areas that may enhance its expansion efforts. Establish strong brand presence in the regionFull penetration into the Asian market can be done through setting up of physical stores in prime shopping district in the region, namely, Hong Kong, Korea, Japan, Singapore and Shanghai. Victoria’s Secret can also adopt a transnational strategy which strives to optimize the trade-offs associated with efficiency, local adaptation and learning. Local responsiveness can be maintained through periodic brand audits to ensure success in the geographic expansion strategy. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH ————————————————- Target Segment: Male (Sample Size: 57) Brand AwarenessA) Brand Recall Victoria’s Secret and Triumph received the highest brand recall rate when respondents were asked to list the brand(s) of lingerie they knew. This is followed by Wacoal and La Senza. B) Brand Recognition When asked if there were aware of these brands, Victoria’s Secret and Triumph enjoy high brand recognition with 96% and 98% followed by Wacoal (68%) and La Senza(65%). C) Effectiveness of Existing Communication Channels The male respondents indicate that they know the brand through its fashion show (67%), their female (58%) and male friends (36%) and features on magazine (47%).Respondents also quoted having seen its online catalogs (24%) and physical stores (27%). However, only 24% of the respondents have seen its fa shion shows. 11% has visited the brand’s website while only 2% indicated that they own its catalogs. Brand Reponses When asked about their previous purchases, only 14% of the male respondents have purchase lingerie for their partners before. Out of these purchases, 75% were brought on impulse while 38% were for birthdays and surprise gifts. In assessing their intention to buy for their partners in the future, 68% indicated that they would buy lingerie for their partners in the future.They also indicated that they would most likely to buy for their partners as a birthday (31 respondents out of 39), anniversary (30 respondents out of 39) and surprise gifts (35 respondents out of 39). To make these purchases, 77% would head down to the stores, 54% would make their purchases online while 46% would get help from their female friends to make the purchases. Brand Resonance In assessing their loyalty to a brand, 29 out of 39 respondents indicated that they will not stick to one brand . To choose a brand, 73% would look at the design and 68% would take into account the accessibility of the stores.In addition, 51% would also look at the price of the lingerie. This indicate low brand resonance among the male respondents. Target Segment: Females (Sample Size: 74) Brand Awareness A) Brand Recall When respondents were asked to list the brand(s) of lingerie they knew, Triumph received the highest brand recall rate. This is followed by Victoria’s Secret, Wacoal, Pierre Cardin, La Senza and Calvin Klein. B) Brand Recognition When asked if there were aware of these brands, Triumph enjoys the highest brand recognition of 100%, followed by La Senza and Victoria’s Secret with 95% each.C)  Effectiveness of Existing Communication Channels 62% of the female respondents are aware of Victoria’s Secret outlet in Singapore. However, most of them know it through word-of-mouth (69%) and only 33% know it through advertisement and 7% through its campaign. Brand R eponses A)  Brand Price Perception 41% of the respondents think that a fair price for a piece of Victoria’s Secret lingerie should be within $20-$50, while 45% of them said it should be within $51-$90. B)  Brand Quality Perception The respondents believe that Victoria’s Secret provides good quality and a variety of lingerie, with a mean of 3. 4 and 3. 57 out of 5 respectively. C)  Purchase Intention 81% of the respondents do not own Victoria’s Secret lingerie with 54% of them explaining that it is too expensive and 36% indicated that they are not sure where to buy them from. However, 82% of the respondents indicated that they would consider purchasing Victoria’s Secret lingerie in the future and 63% said they would buy it for special occasion. QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS The female respondents rated sexiness and confidence as the 2 most favourable associations.However, the superior and romantic image of the brand is less favourable but the result has low consistency among respondents, as shown by their high standard deviation (>0. 75). This shows that Victoria’s Secret has room for improvement in order to emerge as a favourable brand among others. Victoria’s Secret has a relatively high level of uniqueness. The association with â€Å"sexiness† scores the highest, with a mean of 4. 07, followed by â€Å"stylishness† and â€Å"confidence†. Hence, Victoria’s Secret can advertise the feeling of sexiness, confidence and stylishness as everyday essentials to reach out to a larger target market and boost its sales.Conclusion According to the findings from the survey targeted at female, the association with sexiness scored high on all three elements. This indicates that Victoria’s Secret should continue to market towards that direction. Secondly, the association with superiority and exclusiveness scored generally low on all three elements. Victoria’s Secret has to improve on these asso ciations, either through various marketing efforts or by tapping onto the stronger attributes, as they are associations that the brand aims to represent as well.