The Treatment of the Theme of Childhood in Great Expectations

The Treatment of the Theme of Childhood in Great Expectations In this novel Dickens shows the treatment of childhood in many ways and through many characters. In the opening few chapters of the novel Dickens shows his opinions of childhood through Philip Pirrip otherwise known as Pip. Pip is first seen in a graveyard on his own reading the tombstones of his other family members who he never knew. The fact that the coming to life of Pip is through death shows that Dickens believes that childhood is an awful time of your life. We are told that Pips first memories are of him on his own finding out that his family are all dead and buried in a church yard over run with nettles. This isnt a†¦show more content†¦Also two other characteristics that occur a lot in the novel shows Dickens views of childhood are naivety and innocence. The innocence in Pip is shown because he is always polite towards the convict even when hes hurting him goo-good-night, sir, This shows that children are brought up to be well mannered towards their elders and are too innocent to know that the man was a convict. Pip shows his naivety when he believes if he doesnt do as the convict says he will be attacked by another man, the young man, I was in mortal terror of the young man who wanted my heart and liver this shows how naive children are because Pip believed in a made up man and didnt think once about questioning the convict about this man. The final way Dickens shows the horror of childhood through Pip is by the way Pip acts. Pip is always trying to make any possible improvement to himself by advancement in education and social class. What a scholar you are. This is shown through the fact that Pip enjoys writing and school and wants to further his knowledge. Pips improvement of social class is shown through the fact that he wants to marry into a higher class. By attempting to improve himself DickensShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis Of Great Expectations1449 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom a work of fiction is, however, dependant on who is reading it at the time. In the case of Great Expectations there are a number of themes running through the text including betterment through education, what it is to be a gentleman, respectability and crime, parental /family ties, and industry and idleness. Many of the original readers of the work were not concerned with analysing these various themes, and how Dickens put the work toget her. Rather, it was enjoyed as a populist piece of fictionRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1208 Words   |  5 Pagesink can clear the path to enlightenment, and this is increasingly evident in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations. Through very complicated, conflicted characters, he demonstrates an artful story about guilt, fear, expectations, and love. All of these topics which are present in the novel are so present in life, we might not even notice them in our own. Other writers and even musicians, use these themes to grasp at their own realities, trying to reach for the imaginary straws hanging above their facesRead MoreHow Does Dickens Create Sympathy for Pip at the Beginning of the Novel?956 Words   |  4 Pages‘Great Expectations’ is a highly acclaimed novel written by Charles Dickens first published in 1861, which follows the journey of a young boy commonly known as Pip (his Christian name being Phillip Pirrip) who is born into a middle-class family but goes on to receive riches from a mysterious benefactor in order to pursue his childhood dream in becoming a gentleman. The story is written in first person with Charles Dickens writing back about the experiences of Pip. Although it isn’t his autobiographyRead MoreKurt Vonnegut : The Concept Of Postmodernism1598 Words   |  7 Pagesevolution. Kurt Vonnegut’s â€Å"Untitled,† reflects the postmodern-characteristic theme of division in the 21st society through the examination of gender roles through humor and irony; humans and non-humans through temporal distortion; and free-thinkers and resurgents through participation between the author and reader. Chiefly, of first-most importance, Kurt Vonnegut’s â€Å"Untitled,† primarily reflects the postmodern-characteristic theme of division in the 21st society through the examination of gender rolesRead More Great Expectations: Gods Law Vs. Human Law Essay1164 Words   |  5 Pages Great Expectations: Gods Law vs. Human Law In his book Great Expectations, the problematic nature of moral judgement and justice that stems from a conflict between Gods law and human law is one of several topical themes that Charles Dickens addresses. This paradox regularly surfaces in his treatment of plot and setting, and is more subtlety illustrated in his use of character. To facilitate the readers awareness of such a conflict, the narrator often uses language that has Christian connotationsRead MoreChildhood in Great Expectations and Jane Eyre Essay2675 Words   |  11 PagesCompare the presentation of childhood in Great Expectations and Jane Eyre Both Jane Eyre and Great Expectation adopt a typically Victorian outlook on childhood, which can seem quite alien set against modern values. However in both books, and particularly in Jane Eyre, there is an effort to create a convincing expression of childhood through strong emphasis of the childs point of view above all others. In both books there is a interesting use of hindsight within the first personRead MoreEast of Eden vs the Kite Runner1261 Words   |  6 Pagesrejection. In East of Eden and The Kite Runner, many characters find the task of love daunting and insufficient to their expectations. Love presents itself in every aspect of both novels and therefore is a major theme. Whether it was love from family or lovers, both novels explore the idea of unrequited love and its consequences on the characters lifelong journeys. The theme of love is a major underlying cause of many problems within East of Eden for it creates a feeling of rejection by familyRead MoreThe Rabbit Proof Fence By Philip Noyce1665 Words   |  7 PagesPhilip Noyce`s film ‘The Rabbit Proof Fence’ (2002) and Jill Ker Conway`s autobiography ‘The Road From Coorain†(1989), discuss and compare many of the same themes which express the importance of ‘home’, and its significance to the protagonists of the texts. The Rabbit Proof Fence follows the journey of three young indigenous girls who were taken from their homes in 1931, as apart of the stolen generation. Conway’s autobiography is a personal reflection of her up brining in rural Australia, and howRead More Resurrection and Rebirth in A Tale of Two Cities Essay examples1392 Words   |  6 PagesA Tale of Two Cities By Charles Dickens The idea of resurrection and rebirth pervades in this novel. How does Dickens use this theme? Do these themes of resurrection and self sacrifice and the setting of the French Revolution have anything to do with one another? Why is this the time and place of the novel? Brief Historical Background The novel, A Tale of Two Cities, takes place during the onset of the French Revolution, which shook the Western world with its violence and new ideas on freedomRead MoreCompare And Contrast Ophelia And Hamlet943 Words   |  4 PagesHamlet does not react kindly to this, denying his love for her and making demeaning comments on her sexuality and gender. His disrespectful treatment of her, even though her actions were not ill-intended, likely influenced the insanity that led to her suicide. By referencing to the relationship in her madness, Ophelia proves how much the clashing expectations of her father and Hamlet have negatively affected her. 2. Hamlet: Alexander died, Alexander was buried, Alexander / returneth to dust; the

Environment and Feminism - Ecofeminist Theory and...

Ecofeminist Theory and Sustainable Development People have to be able to work together if they are to realize the shared destiny and to preserve a habitable environment for generations to come. Albert Bandura, 1995 Banduras words epitomize the spirit of environmental education and its challenges of community cooperation, trans-generational communication and sustainable development. The success of these challenges depends on the ability to pass on knowledge about the environment to future generations in order for them to better understand how to maintain a sustainable relationship with nature. In this era of globalization and neo-liberalist policies, maintaining a sustainable relationship with the environment needs to be†¦show more content†¦Ecofeminism Ecofeminism is a liberationist philosophy that combines emancipatory elements of feminism with the environmental concerns of ecology. It has become a movement that sees the connection between the exploitation and degradation of the natural world and the subordination and oppression of women (Mellor, 1997, p.1). Ecofeminists view women as victims of the same patriarchal tyranny that dominates nature (Castells, 1997). Karen Warren (1996) identifies eight connections between feminism and the environment. Although it is not necessary to discuss all eight connections, understanding several of Warrens connections is essential in relating non-formal education at a local level to the fostering of environmentally proactive behavior. Historical Connections Between Feminism and Ecology The first essential connection draws causal links from a historical perspective. The argument is that at some point in human history a change occurred that lead to the concurrent male domination of females and nature. Some scholars argue the change happened with the onset of the scientific revolution (Merchant, 1980), while others (Spretnak, Reisler as cited in Warren, 1996) might argue it occurred much earlier. Salleh (1988) stresses the relevance of including the historical connection between feminism and ecology in a discussion of sustainable development: Ecofeminism is a recent development inShow MoreRelatedEssay about Ecofeminism4924 Words   |  20 Pagesrecognizes the cultural and political links between ecology and feminism. Ecofeminism is a value system, a social movement, and a practice. It criticizes the mainstream green movement and challenges the fundamental ideas of the western patriarchy about women, nature science, and development. Ecofeminism is an admixture of ecology and feminism. A French feminist, Francoise dEaubonne, first used it in 1974 (Mellor, 1997 p. 44). Ecological feminism focuses on gender as a category of analysis and the perspectives

Models And Practice Of The Lean Principles †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Models And Practice Of The Lean Principles. Answer: Introduction The business mechanisms and tools which allude to the organization for operations and practices to create largest amount of productivity inside the business association can be named as operations administration. Essentially the key thought has been influenced centered on the administration and organization of the operations or the procedures which can be settled by the business association for creating and upgrading the capability. This will thus lead achieve a hike in the level of effectiveness in the functionalities and operations executed by the business company. The procedure of operations administration in like manner contains the transformation of the raw materials and information into items and ventures in order to accomplish the best level of efficiency prompting a higher gainfulness. The major concern of the idea is keeping up the harmony between the costs and the incomes in order to achieve the most raised net benefit for the business enterprise. As portrayed in points of i nterest the system likewise includes the administration which makes the ideal use of human asset, materials, instruments and devices and the imagination. Moreover it likewise incorporates coordinating, laying out, controlling, and the distinctive procedures inside the business element. In addition lean principles are the concept which has been presented and analyzed from the given case study. Basically the concept of lean principles is concerned with the objective of disposing of waste the non-esteem included parts in any procedure. Unless a procedure has experienced lean numerous circumstances, it contains some component of waste (Heizer, 2016). At the point when done effectively, lean can make enormous upgrades in effectiveness, process duration, profitability, material expenses, and scrap, prompting lower costs and enhanced intensity. The below executed report has been analyzed on the adoption and implementation of the theories and practice of lean principle. Generation of momentum The hardest piece of an undertaking is regularly simply beginning. Moving from a smart thought to a venture group on the ground working and executing a strong arrangement is extreme. Development of force should be done (Slack, 2015). The below executed are the reasons which have aided in generation of the momentum for implementing the lean project in SONAE MC: Executive buy-in: This mechanism has been considered as one of the first methods which can be adopted the SONAE MC for generating the momentum for starting any of the projects. This method has been also considered as a beneficial one as it entails in understanding the mission and aids of the project (Darer 2015). A project without any benefits wont be proven beneficial for longer run. In this method the main role is of the executives and the decision makers .i.e. the managerial team and senior authorities. They are required to understand the about the concept in what they are dealing and also the understanding the factor which will be proven beneficial for the organization. Evaluation of all these factors is required to be done before devoting their time and resources into the project. Life cycle of lean project The implementation of lean principles in SONAE MC has been demonstrated with the help of the below described segments: The beginning: On the basis of the executed research it has been observed from the case study that in July 2006 Jaime Maia contemplated and reacted for the changes brought in by the Portugal and according to which the employees are required to get the training of 35 hours per year by the company. Moreover, he was also interested in the concept of the on-job training instead of classroom training (Krajewski, Ritzman and Malhotra, 2013). This approach was proven beneficial as to avoid the chances of removing the workers for a longer run. After this he consulted with the Kaizen Institute for the training programs in the lean system as these approaches were fitting best according to his thoughts. Also a significant amount of Muda was uncovered y the KIs lean perspective on operations In the concept of lean the improvement was observed after combining the training programs. The further process has been segmented in the below mentioned phases. The first phase is known as pilot program which had some well-defined focus the three store process (goods reception, replenishment and multi-replenishment), three sectors of store operations (food, non-food and textiles), application of tree simple lean tools (5s, visual management and standard work) (Hitt, Carnes and Xu, 2016). This step was introduced after the introduction of various seminars from the duration of March to May 2007and which was attended by regional operations manager. The main objective of the seminars was to explain regarding the lean tools and also testing of the same should be done immediately. The managers were supposed to provide training sessions regarding the lean concept to the employees after the seminars (Naveen et al., 2013). The below mentioned are some of the benefits which were observed after the adoption of the seminars: There was an increase in the productivity Also a reduction in the inventory level was observed Reduced stock-outs Reduction in breakages The next is the phase two which is regarding the consolidation and expansion and the same was decided by the business entity after the success of the programs of 2007 (Khanna, 2015). The below mentioned are the several ways in which SONAE MC decided to expanding: For all the sectors in the stores Inclusion of additional lean approaches And considering each and every employee with the program And the third phase is formalization and consistency. This included the problem which was of implementation of the process as it was difficult to have a visibility, due to the large teams of about 20000 employees. Also due to some circumstances there was a need for an internal audit system (Brown, Bessant and Lamming, 2013). And hence SIM auditing system was introduced .i.e. (System for the implementation of Kaizen Improvements) this comprises of the two levels of lean implementation of This system also enabled the business entity in identifying the test practices stores The last phase is regarding the internal logistics and is also known as the pilot stage. The main objective of this stage was to maintain the implementation of level 1 and also start building the inroad into level 2 (Goetsch and Davis, 2014). After that there were introduction of 3 internal logistics projects were doene while making concentration on the value stream mapping. Challenges in implementation of lean principles The concept is concerned with the minimization of the waste and also reduction of expenses through modifications and continuous improvements in the operational efficiencies (Sheth, Deshpande and Kardani, 2014). The concept relies on the integrated mechanisms of systems and also the radical shift in the organization etc. The below mentioned are the issues which can be faced by SONAE MC while implementing the lean principles: Supply chain issues: Lean manufacturing incorporates the minimization or close disposal of capacity time for approaching materials and active items. Executing an in the nick of time requesting framework is important to guarantee that crude materials are always coming in at the ideal rate to take care of operational demand (Zahraee et al., 2014). This will require the business entity to develop close coordination with providers, notwithstanding going similarly as incorporating computerized requesting and arranges satisfaction frameworks between the organizations (Ahmad, 2013). Employee development: Executing lean manufacturing philosophies in the business organization will make an ability hole that must be crossed. The mechanical foundation required to oversee store network issues while keeping up robotized generation and quality-control frameworks requires more-taught and prepared workers than conventional sequential construction system setups (Nallusamy et al., 2015). Lean manufacturers require highly skilled and trained workforce to examine, repair and plan the format of robotized generation innovation consistently. Experts will probably require wellbeing accreditations and exceptional licenses to work and keep up such frameworks, and they request substantially higher pay than general-work representatives. Extension of lean principles to customer flows The core idea of the concept is that a flow should be created for the products (Modi and Thakkar, 2014). The flow can be from person to person, sections to sections in the organization, or facilities to facilities. This process is all about making movement of the products or an individual through a service mechanism. This segment has been considered as one of the significant part of the approach of lean principles. The core concept is to ensure the offerings flows to the service user. There should be no delay, no waiting, no diversions, no pauses. Ideally this process is concerned with the movement of the products and services from batch and queue and the flow is continued and is also focused on the requirements of the product or service, instead to that of the business corporation (pm-partners 2015). Large wastage is created during the process of flow of the products. It can be estimated that approximately 90% of wastage is created while the process of flow in the system This princi ples of lean process is concerned with the development and implementation of the techniques and strategies which will bring a continuous form of improvement in the flow and which will lead to substantial savings (Qureshi et al., Bahru, 2015). This will also enhance the quality of the services offered to the consumers and which will increase their satisfaction level. These are some of the reasons for the extension of the lean principles to customers flow. Sustaining motivation and reinvent in lean program Motivation can be considered as one of the key factor in the success and growth for any of the task or the project. There are number of strategies and mechanisms which can be used by SONAE MC for motivating and reinventing the project for its sustainability: Lead and manage by example The team members are always keen to watch their seniors and perform accordingly. So it is of very much significance for the mangers to lead in an effective manner so as to set the examples for the team members (Eshna 2017). The managers of SONAE MC will require to be honest, transparent with the work. This approach has been considered as very much contagious and also motivates the other team members. Be direct The project managers are required to be direct and open with their communication which will also enable the team members to perform well and a development of will and interest will also be observed. This in-turn will enhance their efficiency and effectiveness and which will be reflected in the tasks and projects performed. These can be considered as the strategies which can be attained by the managers for sustaining motivation and reinventing. Generation of momentum In the above executed analysis it has been observed that development of a push or a force is required for performing each and every task. This force or the push is known as momentum which enhances the efficiency and effectiveness of the task and also provides a hike to the performance level. SONAE MC is the business entity which has been making the use of the lean approaches for bringing minimization in the wastage occurred during the various operations. Further, the strategy has been described for generating the momentum. The lifecycle of the lean project and also the implementation of the lean principles are also determined in the further analysis. Different phases of the life cycle have been presented in the analysis which is demonstrating the implementation of the lean principles in the Business Corporation. Moreover, the adoption and implementation of the lean principles showed some benefits which were also discussed and are presented as follows. There was an increase in the productivity Also a reduction in the inventory level was observed Reduced stock-outs Reduction in breakages Further a discussion over the ways through which SONAE MC decided to expand the business operations is done and the same are mentioned as below: For all the sectors in the stores Inclusion of additional lean approaches And considering each and every employee with the program Challenges in implementation of lean principles From the above carried out analysis it has been observe that implementation process of lean principles has been considered as very much significance. SONAE MC also faced number of challenges and issues while implementing these principles in the organizational structure. The main concern of the concept of lean principle is the minimization of the waste and also reduction of expenses through modifications and continuous improvements in the operational efficiencies. Also the concept relies on the integrated mechanisms of systems and also the radical shift in the organization etc. The first discussed issue is the supply chain issue which is concerned with number of number of variables. As the business entity will require materials and a smooth supply of goods and for the same the business entity to develop close coordination with providers, notwithstanding going similarly as incorporating computerized requesting and arranges satisfaction frameworks between the organizations. Extension of lean principles to customer flows From the above executed summary it has been concluded that the concept of extending he floe of the lean principles has been considered as an empirical term in the concept. And the key idea thought of this concept is that a flow should be created for the products and this flow can be from person, sections to sections in the organization, or facilities to facilities. It has also been observed that the concerned procedure sis all about process is all about making movement of the products or an individual through a service mechanism. Moreover, this business concept is also ideally concerned with the movement of the products and services from batch and queue and the flow is continued and is also focused on the requirements of the product or service, instead to that of the business corporation. Large wastage is created during the process of flow of the products. It can be estimated that approximately 90% of wastage is created while the process of flow in the system. Moreover, there were so me problems which were faced by the implementation of the process. A difficulty was developed to have a visibility, due to the large teams of about 20000 employees. Also due to some circumstances there was a need for an internal audit system. And hence SIM auditing system was introduced .i.e. (System for the implementation of Kaizen Improvements). Sustaining motivation and reinvent in lean program Motivation and reinventing has been considered as one of the relevant and significant for developing a sustaining position for the business entity in the competitive environment. It has also been observed that the concept of motivation can be considered as one of the key factor in the success and growth for any of the task or the project. There are some strategies which can be adopted by the business entity for developing and sustaining in the competitive environment. Leading and managing the and setting examples, being direct and specific, work should e transparent are some of the examples of the strategies which can be implemented so as to make the work efficient within the organization. Conclusion In the limelight of the above executed analysis it has been concluded that the operations management is an integral part for any of the business organization. The report has been segmented in various divisions which comprises of the adoption of the lean principle and the theories of the same within the organizational structure. The further analysis includes the description of generation of momentum for starting the lean project and also the lifecycle of the same approach. Moreover, the evaluation is also done for the challenges which are faced by the business organization while implementation of the lean principles. And also the extension of tee lean principles till the customers flow has been explained. Moreover, at last it has been observed that involving everyone has been considered as a key factor in the implementation process and tis also involves how the business entity will sustain motivation and reinvent the lean program. References Ahmad, S.A.S., 2013. Culture and lean manufacturing: towards a holistic framework.Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences,7(1), pp.334-338. Brown, S., Bessant, J.R. and Lamming, R., 2013.Strategic operations management. Routledge. Darer, K, 2015, Generating momentum in a project, Assessed on 21st September 2017, https://www.projectsmart.co.uk/generating-momentum-in-a-project.php. Eshna, 2017, Motivate and sustain your teams, Assessed on 22nd September 2017, https://www.simplilearn.com/5-strategies-to-motivate-and-sustain-project-teams-rar242-article. Futurestate, 2014, The 5 lean principles, Assessed on 21st September 2017, https://www.futurestate.ie/index.php/5-lean-principles. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Heizer, J., 2016.Operations Management, 11/e. Pearson Education India. Hitt, M.A., Carnes, C.M. and Xu, K., 2016. A current view of resource based theory in operations management: A response to Bromiley and Rau.Journal of Operations Management,41(10), pp.107-109. Khanna, R.B., 2015.Production and operations management. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Krajewski, L.J., Ritzman, L.P. and Malhotra, M.K., 2013.Operations management: processes and supply chains(Vol. 1). New York, NY: Pearson. Modi, D.B. and Thakkar, H., 2014. Lean thinking: reduction of waste, lead time, cost through lean manufacturing tools and technique.International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering,4(3), pp.339-334. Nallusamy, S., Dinagaraj, G.B., Balakannan, K. and Satheesh, S., 2015. Sustainable green lean manufacturing practices in small scale industries-A case study.International Journal of Applied Engineering Research,10(62), pp.143-6. Naveen, K., Sunil, L., Sanjay, K. and Abid, H., 2013. Facilitating lean manufacturing systems implementation: role of top management.International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics (IJAME),2(3), pp.01-09. pm-partners, 2015, 5 principles of lean, Assessed on 22nd September 2017, https://www.pm-partners.com.au/5-lean-principles. Qureshi, M.I., Rasli, A.M., Jusoh, A., Kowang, T.O. and Bahru, U.J., 2015. Sustainability: A new manufacturing paradigm.Journal Teknologi,77(22), pp.47-53. Sheth, P.P., Deshpande, V.A. and Kardani, H.R., 2014. Value stream mapping: a case study of automotive industry.International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology,3(1), pp.310-314. Slack, N., 2015.Operations strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Zahraee, S.M., Hashemi, A., Abdi, A.A., Shahpanah, A. and Rohani, J.M., 2014. Lean manufacturing implementation through value stream mapping: A case study.Journal Teknologi,68(3), pp.119-124p.

Intelligence agency

The formation of a powerful intelligence agency to take care of the matters of military intelligence did not include a plan for coordination of intelligence activities between security agencies (Truman 4). Several decades later, the structure of the office of the DNI was instituted to control the various intelligence authorities that had emerged.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Intelligence agency specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, this office has been consistently unable to perform its duties as expected. The office of the director of national intelligence has failed to perform its duties to the expected level in its capacity. There was speculation that inadequate finance was the cause of the failures of the office. An increase in the annual funding for the office has failed to improve the condition. However, there are several measures involving organisational change that can streamline and co-ordinate du ties at the office of DNI (Stuart 52). The first necessary solution is to have a unified leadership that will make decisions, rather than have separate authorities delegate similar duties (Stuart 23). One of the major problems facing the office of DNI is the lack of a well-coordinated leadership. Assignment of duties at the office has been erratic with leaders overseeing intelligence work in various regions lacking coordination. Separate plans by different levels of leadership have resulted to duplication of duties and improper handling of matters of intelligence due to the separate approaches of different offices. A new channel for reporting will make sure that the proper chain of command is used for reporting matters of intelligence. The current organisation does not assign duties to intelligence officers with due responsibility. This has left the intelligence officers to handle their duties in a manner that one chooses (DoD 5). Thus, the duties of the intelligence community do no t present as obligations, but appear as missions that the intelligence community embark on at will (Stuart 16).Advertising Looking for essay on homeland security? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although significant will is needed for the intelligence community to go about its duties, a clear framework outlining the responsibility of each section or office in the intelligence work will improve efficiency. All these objectives can only be achieved by establishing a decisive leadership, which can outline the duties of the members of the intelligence community. The second necessary action is the unification of the whole of intelligence community so that the office of DNI can monitor all activities and plans. Although the office of the DNI is expected to control the whole intelligence community, it is not possible to accomplish this for all members of the intelligence community in the country in the prevailing situation. There is no proper law that brings the control of all members of the intelligence community that are concerned with major intelligence issues under the control of the office of DNI (DoD 11). In addition, there are efforts by some agencies to undermine the office of the DNI by preferring to isolate their activities. The isolation of these sections of the intelligence community makes it impossible for the office of DNI to draw a realistic and accurate budget plan. Procedures of procurement and other projects that affect the budget of the intelligence community are executed separately making the planning for the allocated resources a difficult task (DoD 13). It is important to ensure that all the sections of the intelligence community are obligated to cooperate under the office of DNI. This can be achieved by bringing institutions such as the DIA and the CIA under the authority of DNI The third reason the office of DNI is not able to offer effective leadership to the intelligence community is t he lack of constitutional law to put it in a position to deal with all the issues arising in the whole of the intelligence community. Major intelligence bodies such as the CIA and DIA, which are considered major arms of intelligence, are finding it difficult to report to the office of the DNI since the constitution does not explicitly express that the intelligence agencies should report to that office.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Intelligence agency specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Furthermore, CIA, the major member of the intelligence community, has traditionally reported to other offices, which are thought to be of a higher authority. In a more simplistic interpretation, all sections of the intelligence community need to report to the office of the DNI, which should then report to the president. Intelligence deals with gathering of information of significance to security. It is important to ensure that the members of the intelligence community are able to pool the information gathered in their separate intelligence activities in order to provide security for the nation. Currently, the DNI oversees the operations of the members of the intelligence community as completely separate entities with no proper platform for sharing information (DoD 17). There is need for enactment of a law that obligates the members of the intelligence community to share information without any restriction. This will establish the intelligence community as one intelligence body that works in unity to combat security problems. In addition, there should be a clear policy that governs the manner in which the intelligence is shared. A plan on how to avert the danger of having information leaked to the public or to those who intend to compromise security is necessary in the implementation of a policy to lay foundation for information sharing. With an elaborate system, it is easier to establish security for the cou ntry’s citizens and interests. The current reluctance of the members of the intelligence community to share information is partly due to the danger presented by knowledge of classified information by many people. Moreover, the state of information in the intelligence community is limited, with the members sharing information regarding terrorist threats alone. Works Cited DoD, DTIC. The National Intelligence Strategy of the United States of America. Ft. Belvoir: Defense Technical Information Center, 2009. Print. Stuart, Douglas T.. Creating the national security state: a history of the law that transformed America. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2008. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on homeland security? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Truman, Harry S.. National Security Act of 1947: communication from the President of the United States This essay on Intelligence agency was written and submitted by user Jeram1ah to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Coming of Age essays

Coming of Age essays Both Araby by James Joyce, and As Araby and John Updikes A The main character of Araby is a young boy just coming into his middle teens. He comes from a religious upbringing, lives in a quiet neighborhood and is extremely respectful of his elders. He loves to read, as is evident by his liking The Memoirs of Vidocq (Joyce 728) and enjoys cherished, passed down literature as its leaves (have become) yellow (pg. 728) over time. He is also a good student, except when his thoughts are occupied by his best friends sister who also lives in his neighborhood. He is infatuated with her Her image accompanied me even in places the most hostile to romance (pg. 729) but he is clearly shy because he makes it known that he did not know whether I would ever speak to her (pg. 729) Instead of approaching her, he watched her from our shadow peer up and down the street. Every morning I lay on the front parlous watching her door. The blind was pulled down to within an inch of the sash so that I could not be seen (pg. 729). He is also very u! ncertain of his feelings and his confused adoration (pg. 729). Yet, he is very clear in his actions of being polite. He withstands the gossip of the tea-table (pg. 731). instead of leaving for the fair. He nicely asks his uncle to give him money to go to the bazaar and patiently waits until he is excuse...

Question Type - PrepScholar 2016 Students Encyclopedia

Question Type - PrepScholar 2016 Students' Encyclopedia SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The SAT is a predominantly multiple choice test, with the only exceptions being a written essay and ten student-produced math questions. In total, the SAT asks 67 Critical Reading questions, 54 Mathematics questions, and 49 Writing questions. Altogether, these add up to a total of 170 questions (plus theessay). The questions typically increase in difficulty level throughout their sections, withthe exception of passage-based Critical Reading questions, which chronologically follow their accompanying passage(s). Note: this article is a series in the PrepScholar2016 Students' Encyclopedia, a free students' and parents' SAT / ACT guide that provides encyclopedic knowledge. Read all the articles here! Of these 170 questions, 160 are multiple choice and have five lettered answer choices, A, B, C, D, and E. The remaining 10 are student-produced Mathematics questions, alsoreferred to as "grid-ins." To answer these grid-in questions, students write their solutions on a special section of the answer sheet. The grids for each response allow for up to four digits. Students can also write in a decimal point or fraction bar. Despite variations in difficulty level, each multiple choice question is weighted equally towards a student's score. A student'sraw score, based on the number of his/her correct, incorrent, and skipped answers, is converted to a scaled score between 200 and 800 for each section through a process called equating. This process takes into accountthe scores achieved by all test-takers on a given date. For the essay, which is graded by two readers, students receive a subscore between 2 and 12. The essay prompt typically includes a quote or short excerpt, oftenrelated to a philosophical or social issue, followed by a question. This question asks the student to develop a point of view and support it with examples from his/her reading, studies, experience, or observation. There is a0.25 point deduction for wrong answers on multiple choice, so students benefit from taking a strategic approach to which questions they answer and which ones they skip. Many SAT tutors suggest that students guess if they can confidently eliminate at least one choice among the five possible answers. Students can also be strategic about how much time they spend on each question, taking into consideration the difficulty level of each and how they can gain the most points. Students receive their scores about three weeks after taking the SAT. College Board score reports present each student's correct and incorrect answers by section and question type. Students may also pay an additional $18 for College Board's Question and Answer service, which gives a detailed report of the student's answers to each question. The Question and Answer service is only available for tests taken in October, January, and May. Redesign Alert Starting in March 2016, the redesigned SAT will feature multiple choice questions with four answer choices (A, B, C, and D) instead of the current five. The new SAT will have rights-only scoring, meaning there will be no more penalties for wrong answers. Critical Reading and Writing will be scored together out of 800, and the maximum composite score will be 1600. Read more from theSAT Encyclopedia! Further Reading How to Get and Interpret Your SAT Results Should You Get SAT Question and Answer Service for Score Verification? Should You Guess on the SAT? 6 Guessing Strategies

Introduction to Leadership Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Introduction to Leadership - Coursework Example (Dale, Ernest, 1969) Prioritizing Tasks: Planning the work to be done is an important aspect of management. If the work isn't planned it either won't finish on time or even if finished it will lack effectiveness and efficiency. Work load can cause de-motivation and can be a reason for bad health. It is important to prioritize the work according to its importance and urgency. It isn't necessary that all important tasks are urgent but all urgent tasks are important. Importance and urgency of a task depend upon the impact that it would have if it is not completed. The work which is of high importance and high urgency should be number one on the priority list and then comes the work of high importance and low urgency, for e.g. if a person has to deal with two important projects at the same time- one with a deadline of tomorrow and other is that after a week, the project of tomorrow's deadline will be prioritized and after its completion other project will be handled. The tasks which are not important but urgent should be number three on the list for e.g. a co-worker’s request to help him with a small task and lastly the tasks which are neither important nor urgent for e.g. dealing and administrating activities. Time Management: Time is business's most important resource and plays a critical role at work place and achieving goals and tasks. Effective time management and productivity go hand in hand; the more productive you are the better time is managed. (Dale, Ernest.1969) Time should be spent on tasks according to the priorities set which will eventually lead to completion of important projects, tasks or goals. Planning and allocating your time hold the most important position in this. Time planning could be done for operational- day to day activities and for long term strategic activities. The first step to time management is to analyze how we spent our time. Second step is to analyze how should we spent our time, this should take into account all the urge nt and important tasks to be done. Third step should be to make effort to reduce the difference between what is done and what should be done. For e.g. If a certain task is completed in 2 hours and it could have been completed in 1 hour, steps should be taken to reduce all the time wasting activities so that most optimum use of time can be done and another task can be completed in the remaining one hour. This will lead to not only completion of job on the time but it will also give additional time to recheck the work and quality of work can be improved too. An attached concept to time management is delegation of work. Manager's time is the most precious resource of the organization and it shouldn't be wasted in small unproductive tasks which add nothing to the organization. Rather smaller tasks of less importance should be delegated to subordinates. This will not only help managers to spent their time on strategic and higher level activities but this will also enhance the chances of subordinates training and learning. It is important that delegation of tasks is done with clarity to avoid any conflicts. Delegation should also take place after considering the subordinates competence to do that task properly. Flexibility: Incorporating flexibility into a work plan is extremely important. Rigid plans leads to uneasiness and difficulty. A work plan should be made in such a way which could be adjusted according to circumstances.

Land law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 11

Land law - Essay Example Further, under section 59(1) of the Matrimonial Homes (Family Protection) (Scotland) Act (1981)2, a non-entitled spouse who is legally married to the entitled-spouse has two rights as related to the property of the entitled spouse, namely (a) the right to continue to occupy the matrimonial home and (b), the right to enter and occupy the matrimonial home, if not in occupation. In this case, Marryam is not in occupation of the home, since she has been out of the home in a rehabilitation clinic recovering from depression. Therefore, Marryam can only have an enforceable right as provided in the Matrimonial Homes (Family Protection) Act (1981), if she is legally married to David. This is because, despite the fact that the two spouses contributed to the purchase of the Smithy House property, Marryam was not registered in the title deed as one of the owners, owing to the fact that she was handling the issue of divorce with her previous husband, and thus did not want to complicate the issue. Therefore, the fact that Marryam is not registered in the property title deed as one of the owners of the property means that she can gain a better and enforceable title to claim the property, if she is a legally married spouse to David3. The principle of property ownership is well provided for under section 52(1) Law of Property Act (1925)4, which provided that a conveyance into a better title for all claimants to a property will result from the registration of joint names in the property deed. Thus, according to the provisions of this law, for as long as the property title does not bear the joint names of the property owners, then the property owner whose name solely appears in the property deed has the right to (i) force the other party to live the property without a court order, (ii) rent out or sell the property without getting the consent of the other party and (iii) take out a loan against the property without consulting or seeking the consent of the other party5.

Nature Strongly Influences Early Human Development. Discuss Essay Example for Free

Nature Strongly Influences Early Human Development. Discuss Essay Both nature and nurture play an important role in early human development. However, people have always wondered that our gene which we inherited from our parents or environmental factors influenced the most. This has been a mysterious around the globe for centuries. This essay will analyze that nurture is the most important. Nature which is the heredity from our parents plays a huge role in the development. Our personal characteristics were determined by the genetic structure of the fertilized ovum. The decision of our sex, hair color, eyes color comes from the gene which we inherited from our parents. Another example for the affections of gene on the development of human is that, a twin who was separated for almost 35years with different life history still share the same interest and personality when they meet each other. Moreover, because of the genetically programmed maturation , children’s behavior after birth flows the same as the time schedule of their innate ability such as rolling over, sitting without support, standing while holding on to furniture, etc. Although we see that nature influenced human the most, what really influences the development is nurture. For instance, even if all children go through the same sequences of motor behaviors, different children will go through the same stage at different rates. What’s more, the extension of motor behaviors can be hastened by extra stimulation or practice that infants received. As we can see, a child who was given an extra practice of walking everyday began to walk earlier than children who didn’t practice. Also, the development of speech is accelerated if an infant is encouraged and stimulated to speak. According to the belief of John Locke, babies have blank minds after their births. Their minds only improved from what they’ve learned and experienced through their senses. They do not inherit from their parents. Similarly, according to John B. Waston and B. F. Skinner, the nature of human can be adaptable. It doesn’t really depend on the heredity of the child but it does depend on the training that the child has received. He also stated that he can turn any infants to any kind of specialists such as lawyer, doctor, artist, or even thief and beggar regarding to his training but not their race of ancestors, tendencies, talents or abilities. In conclusion, either nature or nurture influenced new born infants in their own ways. It seems they can back up with strong supports. However, nurture influences more than nature because it has a strong power to alter our natural form and can possibly turn us into somewhat different. In my opinion, I also believe that nurture has a strong impact on children’s development because from my personal experience, I have to study in order to get the knowledge and skills and my lifestyle just adapt to the environment around me.

A Zipper For Pee-wee Herman :: essays research papers fc

A Zipper for Pee-Wee Herman Leaders in childrens television are and always have been concerned about what programs actually make it on the air. Most early programming for children of school age in the 1950's was the western program. Another type was the science-fiction thriller which tended to be based on hero's from the radio, comics, and films. However, a favorite of the youngest audience was the children's equivalent of the variety show. This usually contained circus, puppet, and/or animal segments. "Super Circus", which aired in 1949, consisted of music, circus acts, animals, and of course, clowns. In 1952, yet another type of program came about which reached a very similiar audience as the circus variety shows. It was called "The Ding Dong School". The Ding Dong School offered the conversation, low-key instruction, commercials, and entertainment of Miss. Frances, a professional teacher. With the help of these types of shows, a new genre was born. Children's television which was a mixture of songs, education, fun, and a whole lot more. In 1969, the first airing of "Sesame Street" took place. Sesame Street had programs which were sponsored by different letters of the alphabet or numbers each day, and relied on very short, animated cartoons with live and puppet segments which kept the interest of preschool children. The show was an instant outstanding success, and still broadcasts today. In 1970, "Mr. Roger's Neighborhood" was born. Mr. Fred Roger's used puppets and music to teach patience and cooperation, while providing guidance to help children cope with feelings and frustrations. Mr. Roger's land of makebelieve's handpuppet characters interacted with humans in the mythical kingdom of King Friday XIII. There, the puppets and humans would deal with their feelings and emotions as they solve typical, everyday problems. This new genre of programming was a sensation. The children loved it, and the parents approved of it. During the following years, many new shows came about which still fit this genre. In the year 1986, yet another show was born into childrens television. "Pee-Wee's Playhouse". This series, starring host Pee-Wee Herman (Paul Reubens) used animation, puppets, and vintage cartoons to entertain and educate its audience. Between Pee-Wee Herman and his extraordinary playhouse, children were given the opportunity to let their imaginations go crazy. The "playhouse" had no permanent residents, that is, besides the furnishings. Not ordinary furnishings, you see, Pee-Wee's furnishings could move, talk, dance, and sing. These "characters" could be seen at the playhouse on a regular basis. Some of the favorites were: Globey, a talking globe who would show Pee-Wee the countries that his pen-pal's letters came from; Magic Screen, a toy of Pee-Wee's that enabled him to actually get

Laptops, Hard Drives, The Ephemera Of Data, The Risk Of Theft And Consequence Of Law: Responsibilities And Liabilities

As technology develops at the speed of light, as digital phones computers grow more powerful than twelve acres of 1967 IBM mainframes, as information is set down in liquid pixels and stored in virtual warehouses the size of a postage stamps, as hackers and those of ill-will seek out ever-new clever ways to â€Å"break and enter† virtual â€Å"banks of data†. the law must respond, reflect, assess and codify those principles which will serve the business community, management and labor, employers and employees, as it enters the unknown territory of a virtual future.In a more gentile time of scriveners, Bartleby and Scrooge, an employee as day’s end would lift the top of his writer’s desk, store the hand written documents for that day and wait for his superior to stop by with a key to lock the desk for the night. Theft of such documents would have required the breaking and entering into a physical place to obtain physical objects.Cause and effect would be cle ar, as would an assessment of responsibility and liability. However, with today’s technology and the wide-open vistas of the world wide web, theft can occur from an transnational distance over invisible lines by processes barely comprehensible to those responsible for security. The 19th century scrivener under contract to his employer performed certain services and incurred certain duties and responsibilities.Doubtless, to a certain degree (perhaps depending upon who held the key) he was responsible for the safeguard of his newly copied documents. Likewise the modern employee owes similar duties and responsibilities; however, in the cyber age of information, the protection of data and information, securing it from being lost in the ocean of the web, is a more complicated issue, a more difficult task and raises questions that have yet to be resolved in this protean and ever-burgeoning area of business law.First, a word concerning definition and semantics: The terms â€Å"resp onsibility† and â€Å"liability† tend to get laced in the TV screenwriter’s daisy-chain of legalese in much the same way as Hamilton Burger couldn’t help himself from objecting in every episode of â€Å"Perry Mason† with the contradictory charge of â€Å"irrelevant, incompetent and immaterial. † What one gains in the impressive sound of â€Å"lawyer-words† is lost to meaning and precision.The distinction is important to present issues insofar as responsibility means the capacity, so far as this is a matter of a man’s mind or will, which normal people have to control their actions and conform to law. It describes the duties a person takes on which are general for any party to an agreement, a contract for consideration. Liability, on the other hand, is the quality or state of being legally obligated or accountable.It is a legal responsibility owed to another or society enforceable by civil remedy or punishment. Liability is a more serious matter in that it is ultimately an assessment by some given authority (judge, jury, and arbitrator) that one’s failure of responsibility is of such a nature as to incur the greater duty to make amends or remedy as determined by the specific facts of the matter.In short, liabilities denote some failure of responsibility; however, all failures of responsibility do not necessarily result in the imposition of liability. At its most basic level the law is about the management of relationships, the identification, assessment and balancing of the rights, interest, duties and responsibilities of the parties to the relationship. The law assesses the relative merits of argument when these respective interests come into conflict.In the arena of cyber space, cyber theft, cyber torts, the many relationships between and among several parties raise a plethora of issues, a multitude of arguments. The primary relationship exists between the employer and the employee. The relationship rests in the employment contract; however, depending upon the conduct of the parties other areas of law may come into play: harassment, negligence, cyber tort, trespass, theft, etc.The focus on the employment contract as setting forth certain responsibilities for either party in the age of cyber-data, the portability of laptops, and the ephemeral nature of recorded data, the questions, among others, raised are to what extent an employer can direct and restrict the conduct of an employee when those directives and restrictions bounce up against the employee’s competing interests in the ownership of personal property (his or her laptop) or the employee’s right to come and go as he/she pleases in a free society without having to exercise extraordinary care concerning the contents of his/her laptop, outside the office, beyond office hours. Just how far can the four corners of the employment contract stretch to govern employee conduct, responsibilities and the imposition of potential liabilities during the employee’s personal time? (The issues concerning the use and the restrictions on use of the employee’s personal laptop in the workplace during work hours is the easier analysis with the weight of authority siding with the employer’s right to impose restrictions deemed necessary for security and employee performance. )Analogies to the this predicament which in general asks to what degree an employer, as a condition of the employment contract, can direct the employee’s â€Å"after-hours† life, can be found in similar issues raised by those employment contracts which include a 24/hour non-smoking clause (in the interest of health costs, insurance premiums) or the ban on any office romance, inside or outside the office. What responsibilities does an employee incur with the pervasive use of laptop computers, which in a physical sense are portable items of personal property, but also carry a volume of information that on ce would have been stored in several warehouses or file rooms? Simply stated, employees are probably more of a security risk than an asset.By virtue of technology’s advance, employees have been placed in a precarious position of being guardians at the gate of treasure when the gate and the treasure are often invisible and invaded by invisible means. Perimeter security doesn’t work anymore. The airwaves are filled with rogue access points, and people are bringing infected laptops in and out of the enterprise. â€Å"A number of companies †¦ are revising their policies about how employees should handle confidential data stored on computers. Many employees are facing new restrictions on who can take confidential records out of the office and are receiving special training on how to keep data secure.Workers found violating security policies are being disciplined or even dismissed. † The next relationship is a sub-set of the first. It looks at the situation in wh ich an employee, having agreed to whatever conditions, duties, responsibilities, set forth in the employment contract and the statement of company policies, exhibits negligence, even gross negligence in the care and handling of his laptop, resulting in its physical theft. Assume the laptop’s hard drive contains something equivalent to the recipe for Coca-Cola, and the implications of loss to the company are self-evident. In this hypothetical the employee has failed in his responsibilities to the company. And yet what are the company’s remedies?As referenced above, they can discipline or dismiss the employee, and then sit back and watch as Company Z manufactures a soda as good as their own. The issue as to whether they can hold the employee liable is dwarfed by the issue of remedies. One fired employee will not return the secret formula. Assume the employee’s conduct was criminal. He gets ten years, community service, and a lien on his property (a double-wide out side of Macon) in the amount of ten million dollars. Company Z is still making a fortune manufacturing a cola as good as the original. The failure of remedy only serves to point the aggrieved party downstream to search out other remedies (i. e. , deep pockets), civil and criminal, for their loss.And yet, even then, assuming the best case scenario for Company Z (meaning the likely imposition of civil remedies and criminal fines/punishment) any litigator knows that at that advanced stage of litigation with large companies and big firms on the clock, the process is exceedingly slow and absent injunctions against the offending party – the secret’s now likely to be in the hands of Companies A, B, C and D. These hypothetical only points up the extreme seriousness of the necessity for a company’s defense against attacks from outside, and the disturbing acknowledgment that said defense is not wholly within the company’s control. Companies have instituted policies to stress, express and maximize an employee’s responsibility, even imposing certain liabilities on the failure of such duties; all to minimize and the limit the risk of hacking and theft.But the 20th century world of â€Å"hard copy† (and what that implies) is about to pass by commerce as businesses enter a new age of information-gathering and information-conveyance. The substance of current information is as rock-solid, as valuable as ever, however the â€Å"thing itself† – what used to be the paper and the ink scribbles on the paper, i. e. , the thing that carried the information are now words on screens that can all too easily disappear onto invisible hard drives that move by means of invisible wires cast about the world in an invisible matrix – rendering the whole chain of custody as ephemeral as vapor, vulnerable to the peculiar talents of a new kind of thief, who’s comfortable with the notion of theft as an intellectual rather than a physical activity. So, who’s vulnerable? â€Å"Anybody who has data. †Another issue that arises out of the various relationships involved is this: Given the current state of affairs regarding the risk and threat of data theft, cyber theft, laptop theft, floppy disk theft, companies, for some time, have been on constructive (if not express) notice that there are individuals among us, peculiar perhaps in their pursuits, talented and brilliant in ways often unknown to current Baby-Boom age management, who derive pleasure and more likely profit from infecting the web and its offshoots with viruses. The following hypothetical presents itself: Hacker X in a basement in Queens has been hired by Rogue Company Z, competitor of large and established Company A, to infect Company A’s computers with a virus that will disable Company A, thereby enhancing competitor Rogue Company Z’s position in the shared market.Hacker X is to be a paid a good deal of money and not bec ause he’s stupid. He knows from experience that a direct assault on Company A is more likely to lead a trail back to himself and Rogue Company Z. Therefore Hacker X studies the interlocking systems of Company A with client companies and determines he can attack Company A through out of state Company Client. On a given Monday Company Client’s workers go to work and discover that their system has crashed with a virus that will spread through a given network, affecting several companies down line, including Company A, the prime target. The issues are what duties did Company Client have to notify entities down line?As a practical matter, is there time for Company Client to notify other companies down line? What duty does any company, such as Company Client have, not only towards itself, but to companies down the line who will suffer impairment from the traveling virus? And most importantly do the companies down line have a cause of action against Company Client for breach of some duty in failing to protect itself (and therefore others) from virus infestation. The questions are not rhetorical. They are real and fact sensitive. One can envision a circumstance in which a company is so lax in its security that it all but screams for hackers to have their way.Such a security failure might very well be deemed a breach of duty to other companies in the zone of danger (its length and breadth however defined). And yet all we are left with are the questions: What laws or what standards govern? Are they state laws? And if so do they give rise to conflict of laws problems? Are they Federal laws? Who sets the standards codified by the legislation? Does the current state of common law (tort and contract) anticipate the advantageous application of old principles in new clothes? On analysis, it appears that when all is said and done, the essential â€Å"bottom line† issue will devolve about the areas of remedies and insurance.Analysis of responsibilities, the ir breach and consequent liabilities can fill courtrooms with boxes of pleadings; however, when the issues are finally resolved and liability is determined, who, in this day of multi-billion dollar cyber secrets will have the funds, the deep pockets, to make the aggrieved party whole. The resort to insurance opens another area of analysis which for now remains without the boundaries of discussion proscribed herein; however, one can only imagine the super-layer of responsibilities to be imposed on companies and their employees by insurance contract, drafted water-tight, so as to minimize risk of theft in a high risk environment.

Aunt Jennifers Tiger Essay

Aunt Jennifer’s tigers is a poem by Adrienne Rich illustrating her feminist concerns. In the male dominant world, a women of her time was only supposed to be a dutiful homemaker. This poem through the world of Aunty Jennifer, tells us about her inner desire to free herself from the clutches of abusive marriage and patriarchal society. Poem Summary The first stanza opens with Aunt Jennifer’s visual tapestry of tigers who are fearless of their environment. â€Å"Bright topaz[1] denizens[2] of a world of green† – evoke an image that these regal tigers are unafraid of other beings in the jungle. Bright here signifies their powerful and radiant persona. There is a sense of certainty and confidence in the way these tigers move as can be seen in the line – â€Å"They pace in sleek chivalric[3] certainty†. In the second stanza, the reality of Aunt Jennifer is revealed as she is feeble, weak and enslaved, very much the opposite of the tigers she was knitting. Her physical and mental trauma is depicted in the line – â€Å"find even the ivory needle hard to pull†. Even though a wedding ring doesn’t weigh much, â€Å"the massive weight of uncle’s wedding band, sits heavily upon Aunt Jennifer’s hand† signifies the amount of dominance her husband exercised over her. This also means that her inner free spirit has been jailed by the patriarchal society[4]. The last stanza starts on a creepy note about Aunt Jennifer’s death. Even her death couldn’t free her from the ordeals she went through which can be seen in â€Å"When Aunt is dead, her terrified hands will lie still ringed with ordeals she was mastered by†. While driving from her parent’s home to Cochin, she notices her mother sitting beside her dozing, her face pale like a dead body and her thoughts far away. This reminds her painfully that her mother is old and could pass away leaving her alone. Putting that thought aside she looked out at the young trees speeding by and children running out of their homes happily to play. These remind her probably of youth and life, her own younger days and her mother when she was young. But after the security check at the airport, looking back at her mother standing a few yards away, she finds her looking pale like the winter moon. She feels that familiar pain and childhood fear of the thought of losing her mother and of being lonely just as she had been when she was young because she was different from other children. She could only keep smiling and tell her ‘see you soon’ knowing full well that she might not see her.

How The Relationship Between The Personal and The Political Treated in John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath

How The Relationship Between The Personal and The Political Treated in John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath Free Online Research Papers How The Relationship Between The Personal and The Political Treated in John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath Identifying a single, stable relationship between the personal and political in the text is difficult as the forms of the political that the Joads encounter in the text are various and occasionally opposed to each other. Instead, the relationship is a more fluid thing, changing as the Joads move from an apolitical existence encountering various incarnations of the capitalist framework that dominates labour in the text, before finally encountering a kind of socialist, communal form of politics. Importantly, the relationship between the personal and the political is presented in the text as a new phenomenon. Michael Barry identifies a personal, agrarian, even apolitical existence before the Joads are forced to leave their land. An important part of this agrarianism is a deep-seated connection between the farmer and his land, and a distrust of incomprehensible institutions removed from that land. Because of this, the intrusion of cities, science, technology, administration and politics into the personal sphere of agrarian life is considered antithetical to the natural state of humanity that agrarianism holds to be desireable. Barry argues that the agrarian sensibility is highly attractive to Steinbeck (Barry, 109). Certainly, the distrust of administration is voiced early in the text through repeated references to Old Tom Joad’s aversion to writing: ‘He don’t even like word writin’. Kinda scares ’im, I guess. Ever’ time Pa seen writinà ¢â‚¬â„¢, somebody took somepin away from ’im’(Steinbeck, 57). The agrarian claim to property also seems to be presented as more authentic than the pieces of paper the men from the bank bring with them, Muley Graves says ‘place where folks live is them folks’ after he has been lying in his land on the bloodstained earth where his father was gored by a bull (Steinbeck, 49). This seems to be a greater claim than that of any bank. Are we then to assume that Steinbeck sees the apolitical agrarian existence as the ideal, with any relationship between political and personal being anathema to this greater state of human existence? Not necessarily. Reservations are present in the text pertaining to the land, even at this early stage. It is mentioned that Grampa took the land from the Indians, making the entire Joad family complicit in robbing the land from those with special ties to it. However, in balance this apolitical existence is presented in a largely favourable light, and it would not be such a leap to assume that any intrusion of abstract politics and administration would be undesirable and harmful to the personal existence in Steinbeck’s view. As soon as the Joads are forced from their land by the dustbowl upheaval a relationship is forged between personal and political, for better or for worst. The Joads are no longer in complete control of their own lives, and are forced under the influence of the unfettered capitalism of the market system. This is most obviously manifested in one of the cornerstones of the market system, competition. The abundance of labour means employers can sit and watch as workers undercut each other for wages until they become no more than a pittance. The Joads and others like them become slaves to this labour market, and the relationship between political and personal becomes one of total subordination. Even the manner in which the novel is structured, with its interplay between long, focussed chapters and shorter ‘wide angle’ shots emphasises the apparent insignificance and helplessness of the Joad family. This new relationship with the political causes a great deal of transformation to the personal spheres of the family. The severing of the agrarian sensibility mentioned earlier is evidently too much trauma for the older members of the family, the grandparents do not last long after they are wrenched from their land. Pa is another character who finds the new relationship difficult to manage. The patriarchy in evidence at the start of the novel is most in evidence at the family parliament called before the family pack up and move West. Grampa is the ‘titular head’, but those with real decision making power, the men, squat on the ground close to their land (again showing the agrarian sensibility), and the women who have only limited deliberation rights stand. However, the deprivation of Pa’s land by abstract political forces deprives him of his traditional labour and role in the family, and his authority is left deeply damaged (Motley, 402). From the moment Ma Joad s tands up to him with the crank handle, the strong patriarchal structure of the family begins to dissolve and Pa himself becomes less and less assertive. However, other transformations in the family are not quite so negative. While Pa’s position in the family is eroded, Ma Joad’s work in the family is left unchanged when the land is taken away. Pa’s tools are sold or left behind, Ma’s travel with the family – she remains a ‘citadel’, one that unlike the farm ‘cannot be taken’ (Steinbeck, 77), and increasingly Ma becomes a decision maker as well as remaining the centre of the family. Al also undergoes change in his character of a more positive nature. By being forced into a relationship with the political the Joad family has need of Al’s mechanical skills with the Hudson, and by being released from the family land Al is given a chance to mature in the text. By the end of the novel Al has a chance to begin his own family, something he might not have been able to do had the Joads not been driven off their land. However, it is significant that much of the change caused by their relationship with the political means the Joads are buying into the system that has ruined them. Al’s aptitude for mechanical work means he has in essence become part of the process of mechanisation that drove the family from their land in the first place. Tom also recognises the necessity of the writing that he distrusted at the start of the novel when he buries Grampa Joad with a note explaining his death. The personal is left to struggle to adapt to the political in the text, the relationship is very much a one-way deal. The market system exerts pressure on everyone who falls under its influence, there is little chance for the individual to play outside its rules, and while some like Al may bend and adapt to the new way of living, inevitably others like Grampa may be broken by it. This raises the question of whether the individual can ever determine his own fate given the overarching nature of the capitalist pressures in California, and the stakes involved, namely the survival of the family. One possible answer comes through the new brand of political activism advocated by the preacher Casy. Before ‘socialist’ politics in the text are discussed, one thing that should be addressed is that the word ‘socialism’ never actually appears in the text. Steinbeck remains true to the dialect of his characters, and so ideas that might be identified as socialist are discussed in more earthy, human terms. By using the Okie dialect the socialist political stance that permeates the text is expressed by reference to communal values and organised labour. References to a kind of socialist philosophy occur early in the text, at first haltingly: â€Å"‘I got to thinkin’ an’ dreamin’ an’ wonderin’. They say there’s a hun’erd thousand of us shoved out. If we was all mad the same way, Tommy- they wouldn’t hunt nobody down- † She stopped’ (Steinbeck, 79) and later, more explicitly: ‘Use’ ta be the fambly was fust. It ain’t so now. It’s anybody’ (Steinbeck, 443). These vague ideas of community standing together crystallise into activism with the re-emergence of Casy, who leads the pickers’ strike. The preacher argues that they will never advance themselves being focussed on just the present, even though it might mean they can eat meat for a day or so. The only way they can ‘depen’ on their meat’ is through collective action, and that is the only way things can be changed for the better rather than strugglin g to survive with what the market system dictates they should have (Steinbeck 403). This relationship with a new kind of political system is not without its problems. Unlike the relationship with capitalism which smothers and controls its subjects without choice, socialism must be adopted willingly and involves sacrifice, and it soon becomes clear the Joads are not ideal socialist material. At several points it is clear that the individualistic nature of the Joads blinds them to the power of collective action. Their initial eviction from their land can be taken as an example. Grampa Joad faces down the tractor defiantly with his rifle, but when their house is smashed the family move on to find themselves more land, seemingly unaware of the similar situation of thousands of other families. The tension is heightened for the reader as the chapters focussing on one individual family, the Joads, are alternated with chapters that show identical situations that confront families across the dustbowl (Motley 409). While initially not perfect subjects for this communal philosophy, the ordeals and changes the Joads suffer at the hands of the capitalist framework of California mean that they become more open to Casy’s views. Pa Joad, whose traditional labour has been disrupted and his authority dissolved, undergoes a kind of reinvigoration as he is building the dike, arguing that without cooperation they will all suffer. Ma Joad’s assertion that once it was the family was ‘fust’ eventually changes as well as she sacrifices the unity of the family for a greater unity that encompasses ‘anybody’ in the same situation. It is consistent in the text that competition (read unfettered capitalism) is the source of most of the ills of the Joad family, and community is what saves them Once the relationship is established, it is not unproblematic. The paradox of the situation is that although Steinbeck’s socialism is an altogether more personal form of politics, for the personal to articulate itself against the political force of capitalism individuality must be sacrificed in the greater community. Given this fact, together with the assumption that the agrarian distrust of institutions removed from the soil must also extend to trade unions and organised labour, are we to believe the relationship with socialism is any better than the relationship with capitalism? Steinbeck’s heavy use of saviour imagery with regard to Casy certainly seems to lend credibility to his rhetoric. For example, his incarceration was the result of sacrificing himself for another’s actions, and his death scene draws strong parallels with the crucifixion. The repeated ‘You don’ know what you’re a-doin’ (Steinbeck, 404) is almost a direct lift from the biblical ‘forgive them Lord, they know not what they do’, and even after his death Tom says (after his ‘conversion’ to socialism) ‘seems like I can see him sometimes’ (Steinbeck 439). This strong Christ-like imagery seems to legitimise Casy’s message, particularly since some of his socialist rhetoric is lifted from religious texts, that one man alone is no good, two are better than one as they can support each other, and that ‘a three-fold cord is not easily broken’(Steinbeck 438). However, the positive nature of socialism should not be overstated. The market system enveloped the Joads’ life and gave them no choice in their participation in a relationship with it, they had to buy into the system or perish. Unfortunately, socialism seems not too different. The impetus behind Steinbeck’s socialism is not one of high-minded left wing intellectualism, it is the impetus of need, and without banding together the personal will not survive the unprotected relationship with the capitalism, and is instead forced to forge a relationship with socialism to get enough food to live (Barry 111). This leads to a most important point in the discussion of the personal’s relationship with the political. It seems that Steinbeck’s ideal mode of existence is an apolitical one, and that any relationship with the political will only harm the personal. At best socialism offers a glimmer of hope against the tyrannical market system, but the damage has already been done, the farmers have been torn from their land never to return. I believe this conclusion is supported by the ending of the novel. Chametzsky believes the ending provides some sort of insight into Steinbeck’s own politics, and I agree (Chametzsky, 39). The book could have ended in the government camp, affirming the New Deal, or could have ended with either Pa Joad building the dike or Tom Joad vowing to join the workers movement, both of which would have affirmed a proletarian, socialist theme. Instead it ends in a barn, seemingly with no political slant whatsoever. Chametzsky calls the ending an Ã¢â‚¬Ë œevasion’ of stance, but an honest evasion (43). I do not believe it to be so much of an evasion, instead it seems to fit with Steinbeck’s strong sense of agrarian sensibility and his rejection of the intrusion of any form of politics to the personal. In an ideal world no relationship with the political would exist, and with regard to socialism, the best it can be is a necessary evil. Bibliography Barry, Michael G. ‘Degrees of Mediation and Their Political Value in Steinbeck’s â€Å"Grapes of Wrath†.’ The Steinbeck Question: New Essays in Criticism. Ed. Noble, Donald R. Troy, N.Y.: Whitson, (1993): 108-24 Benson, Jackson J. ‘Through a Political Glass, Darkly: The Example of John Steinbeck.’ Studies in American Fiction. 12.1 (1984): 45-59 Chametzsky, Jules. ‘The Ambivalent Ending of The Grapes of Wrath.’ Modern Fiction Studies. 11.1 (1965): 34-44 Foley, Barbara. Radical Representations: Politics and Form in U.S. Proletarian Fiction, 1929-1941. Durham: Duke University Press, 1993 Motley, Warren. ‘From Patriarchy to Matriarchy: Ma Joad’s Role in The Grapes of Wrath.’ American Literature. 54.3 (1982): 397-413 Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath. London: Penguin Books Ltd, 2000 Research Papers on How The Relationship Between The Personal and The Political Treated in John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of WrathComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementThree Concepts of PsychodynamicAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraBringing Democracy to AfricaWhere Wild and West MeetUnreasonable Searches and Seizures

Infographic Whats a Good SAT Score for College

Infographic What's a Good SAT Score for College SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The definition of a "good" SAT score is tought to pinpoint. It depends significantly on the types of colleges you're looking at and how much you've improved from your baseline scores. The infographic in this article will go through statistics on the national level and at different colleges to give you a better sense of what a good score might mean for you. This data should help you to see your score from a more informed perspective and decide whether you need to keep working on it to make improvements. As you can see, what a "good" SAT score meansfor you will depend heavily on the selectivity of the colleges where you plan on applying. Although the national average is around a 1500, you might need to score much higher than that to get into an extremely competitive school. For Brown, the 75th percentile SAT score for admitted students was a 2310. If you wanted to have a strong chance of being accepted, you would need to shoot for close to a perfect score. In this case, a "good" score for you might be around a 2300. For Texas AM Kingsville, on the other hand, the 75th percentile SAT score for admitted students was a 1470. If you were interested in this school, you would have a strong chance of being accepted with a score that was on par with the national average of a 1500. You can find similar data on average scores for any colleges that interest you by using the method in the last section of the infographic. In general, your goal should be to reach or surpass the 75th percentile score. Even if your score seems good enough now to get into some colleges that you like, it's important to understand that raising your score a couple hundred points will give you a lot more optionsin the application process. This is especially true if you're currently scoring in the 1400-1500 range. You can see on the graph in the second section of the infographic that there is a big jump in the number of schools you can get into with a 1600 versus a 1400. A two hundred point gain is achieveable for any student with some practice, and it could make a huge difference in your opportunities for college. Higher scores will empower you to consider a wider range of schools andfind one that suits you perfectly! What's Next? Are you wondering how this advice translates to the new SAT? Learn more about what a good target score on the new 2016 SAT might look like for you. If you're working on submitting scores to colleges already, read these articles to find out how to send your scores and navigate your options for score choice. If you're currently preparing for the SAT, you should take a look at our guides that will give you helpful strategies for improving your Math, Critical Reading, and Writing scores. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Enviromental science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Enviromental science - Essay Example As a consumer, there are a variety of products that I use on a daily basis. I usually buy various commodities that are packed in plastic containers from supermarkets. Further on a daily basis I often use paper wastes and dump the extra wastes. Moreover, a large proportion of my trash consists of food scraps and food remains. To a larger extent, my utilization of metal wastes, leather, textiles, wood and inorganic wastes form a large component of my wasted products. But even with such I have learnt that proper waste management technique is the most important practice geared towards preventing the occurrence of a number of pests such as ants, cockroaches, flies, mice, rats, raccoons among others. Prevention of pests from contaminating our foods also increases the attractiveness of our surrounding and suppresses pests increase. Certain wastes such as rubber, and certain household wastes that are not so hazardous to the environment such as fruits and vegetable pod products can be easily composted. (Rudolph and Goss 79) It therefore suggests that to reduce wastes we need to recycle, reuse, and

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Human papilloma virus (HPV) - Essay Example High-risk HPV 16 and 18 are most commonly associated with cervical, vulvar, vaginal, penile, oropharyngeal cancer and anal cancers.3 In females, cervical cancer is the second most frequent cancer worldwide, and the third most common cause of mortality from cancer.2 Additionally, 80% of cases occur in developing countries.3 Although low-risk HPVs (such as type 6 and 11) are not cancerous, they can still cause benign or minimal abnormalities of cervical cells, such as skin  warts  on or around the genitals or anus, and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP).3 These figures are a global public health concern. This report addresses why HPV is a public health problem in developed countries and evaluates the policies and strategies taken to deal with HPV infection. HPV is an entirely mucosal infection and does not include a bloodstream phase. While HPV is sexually transmitted, penetrative sexual intercourse is not necessary for transmission to occur. Many researches indicate unprotected genital contact is a well-documented mode of infection, including genital–genital, oral–genital and manual–genital contact.4-6 For both genders, the infection rate is increased soon after becoming sexually active. Indeed, half of sexually active men and women are infected with several HPV types at any point in their lives, and some may be repeatedly infected. In 2011, Hariri et al. (2011) conducted a nationwide population-based study in the US to investigate the prevalence of both high/low-risk HPV in 14–59 year old females during 2003–2006.7 They found the overall prevalence of high- and low-risk HPV was 43% among 14-59 year old women. They also found those aged 20-24 years are more likely to be affected by high-risk HPV, and the risk decreases with age. Recent figures show almost 7% of adults are infected by oral HPV during their lifetime.8,9 Gillison et al. (2012) conducted a cross-sectional study in

Education mis in East African countries - Tanzania Dissertation

Education mis in East African countries - Tanzania - Dissertation Example The creation of the MIS model will serve the purposes of empowering decision makers and the creation of capacity to deliver better education services across the sector. In the area of requirements analysis, the creation of the specification for the MIS model was executed through incorporation of national and international standards of education, regarding the needs of the users of the Tanzanian education sector. Communication with the users was executed through interviews, as this model offered unbiased information on the viewpoints of the user population. Feedback surveys were also helpful towards reaching the desired information base, as collected from social networking and other ICT-related data sites. Areas of constraints included the vague knowledge of the specifications desired by the user population, the unreasonable timelines of the end-users, and the communication gap between implementation teams and the end-user population. The rationales for the choices made were based on rationale capture and rationale representation, which were verified using argument-based choices. The software requirements specification was designed to emphasize on and foster the usage of management information systems throughout the creation, processing and consumption of information. Performance indicators revolved around the service delivery of service personnel to the documentation of students, and offering a complete picture of the educations sector. The features of the model under implementation include capturing baseline statistics like the demography of users to school performance capacities. Data flow across the sector was created to improve the practice and quality of management across the different user groups. The schedule for the implementation of the model will extend across 2011 and 2012, prior to expansion depending on the depicted implementation needs and uptake capacity. Under design specification, the model was split into two sub-phases: the top level design an d the detailed design level. The implementation of the model covered the development of the model, creation of data collection forms, data entry models and checking of the quality of the application. In the area of testing, the MIS model was tested on a number of areas, including the presence of bugs, model usability, and model compatibility. The model will offer a platform from which the education sector can run in a more effective manner, following the more effective transfer and communication of relevant information across the sector. INTRODUCTION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONALITY OF THE MIS MODEL UNDER CREATION The education sector at Tanzania has historically faced numerous challenges, including the lack of basic infrastructure like electricity at local

Impact Of Globalisation On The Airline Industry Tourism Essay

Impact Of Globalisation On The Airline Industry Tourism Essay Globalisation Process is been a universal force. Factors contributing to globalization include market, production, culture, labour, technology, environment and regulation. Globalization provides huge potential profits to companies and nations. Air travel is a large and growing industry. Economic growth, world trade, international investment and tourism is been facilitated by Airline Industry. Various improvements regarding the air travel both commercial including government and private airlines have grown. Introduction of a few airlines from Boeing like Boeing 747 have increased the capacity of passengers to carry and have made it affordable for people to travel with luxury and comfort. Improvements and contribution from government has increased the development of resorts and infrastructure to attract lure tourists from the prosperous countries in Western Europe and North America. With the growth of economies of developing countries their own citizens are becoming the new international tourists of the future. The rapid growth of world trade in international direct investment has also contributed to growth in business travel. Worldwide, IATA, International Air Transport Association, forecasts international air travel to grow by an average 6.6% a year to the end of the decade and over 5% a year from 2000 to 2010. Airlines industry has been raised by up to 9% a year and is forecast to continue to grow rapidly, although the recession has hit the market in these years. The main air travel markets of the future will continue to be in and between Europe, North America and Asia in terms of total passenger. Example, Airbus and being the current upcoming airlines in commercial with new technological changes. CURRENT TRENDS: The current trends in India as well as other big players in the market based on the regulations are as follows:- The growth of the airline industry is tree having n number of branches irrespective of private or public sector. There has been 7% growth of air travel per year for both business and leisure purposes which grew strongly worldwide. The Scheduled airlines carried 1.5 billion passengers last year. As far as the leisure market is concerned introduction of Boeing 747 made it convenient and affordable for people to travel for new and exotic destinations. Net operating revenues in the quarter were under $2 billion, a 19% increase has resulted in strong anticipated payments volume, cross border volume and process transaction growth worldwide. Down from 7.4 per cent in 2007 IATA exects a passenger Growth at 5% in 2008. The government have merged the Air India and Indian Airlines into one Airline, which will be taken over other private airlines further as per the market demand. The airlines has low stock with the public, but now that there are a host of private airlines, customers are no longer willing to do so. The result is that the flag carrier has been losing both market share and public goodwill. The investment in the private industry is increasing as these days the public sector is been dominated by the private sector. CURRENT SITUATION: Mergers: Mergers have had a great impact as far as the Indian airline industry is concerned. Mergers have either enhanced the economy growth or have reduced it. As far as Indian market is concerned mergers within the public sector have taken place where by the upcoming results are not satisfactory. Expansion: The expansion has created new options for travellers, but it has not significantly affected Airlines position. For example, Air Canada estimated that it had a 90% share of Canadian travel agency in 2001 and sales and share of 75% seat capacity in the domestic market. After Air Canada gained control of CAI, it became the sole carrier on the majority of the top 200 domestic routes. untitled.bmp Approval of major decision: Unlike the private airlines the approval of civil aviation for major decision concerning the officialdom and the other legal formalities and the well being of the industry and the things accompanying it. Private sector investment: As in many other fields like banking or insurance where government allowed private sector entry, the state-owned entity has suffered on the same scale. Firstly the labour under bureaucratic procedures has result in long-delays in operational matters like purchase of aircraft, choice of routes, and sale of bilateral. Profits jump from 40% -50% as far as sales are concerned. OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS The opportunities and threats basically imply the various opportunities that the airline industry is facing and going through whereas, the threats imply the rivalry, the new entrance and substitutes which in turn illustrates the way the progress of the industry or the business is going. Airlines and the allocation and maintenance cost. The airlines are one big industry with huge cost and investment where the allocation cost and the maintenance cost servers as the major factors for the industry. The cost as per as the price is concerned fluctuating market prices are a big threat to the airline industry as ression hits this area and the economy downfall would cut down on the financial part of the airlines to fit the things as per their budget. Like most other industries at this stage, airlines have not been immune to the global economic downfall. At the end of 2008 cargo traffic bottomed out, posting a dismal 25% may decline. Many airlines, particularly in the U.S., responded with aggressive capacity adjustments and an four quarter loss was served. The number of aircraft taken out of service exceeded the number of new aircraft delivered in the end of the year 2008. The expansion of fleets, which forced the airlines to drastically reduce capacity by cutting both flight frequencies and uneconomic routes. Adding to the weak aircraft utilization, defined as the percentage of revenue ton-miles divided into available ton-miles, resulting in disastrous fall in yield by 20%. Though 2009 contained high economies for the airline industry. International cargo traffic improved by 12% over from 2009 till present. Rising demand, shrinking capacity It includes two type of demand namely, the requirement for the flights are high by the passengers but the airlines having their flights are very less as compared to the demand. Due to the economy downfall the visa versa is happing a lot these days. The current ample space available onboard for most aircraft is quite less, though the capacity has been cut out. The market of airlines industry is expected to grow at 13%, and continue to grow at a progressive rate till 2012 as can be predicted. Regulatory pressure There is also increased awareness by industry and additional scrutiny given by FDA and other national regulatory bodies. The Regulations as per the government as to the directions and ways are still pressure and intervention from the private airlines. GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND ITS EFFECT: The response of government to various issues as faced by the airlines industry and the way the it affected the economy: Strikes: The strikes have been faced a lot when it comes to the airlines industry. As per the recent records to the policies given by the government of removal of workers from jet airways in India due to the recession crisis created a strike problem. As there was over staffing of employees jet decided to remove a few employees. Being private airlines the workers could not make a change in the decision and hence ended up with a strike. Finally government took a stand and the process was stopped accordingly. Conflicts: The conflict between airlines and the airlines with the government has many aspects relating to it. As Boeing 737-800 less than two minutes after take-off crashed on May 5, 2007 in the midst of a thunderstorm, but the report said poor weather or mechanical error and the government had nothing to do with it. Kenya Airways is hence fighting against Ethiopia Airlines, Fly540 as well as South African Airlines for control of Africas airspace with safety. The government thus came forward with it and a better management of its weather forecast and other aspects were asked to take care off. Also, Sahara and Jet airways were supposedly to become rivals as Sahara wanted to take over Jet but without having any liability. Hence, the later was taken an off as the deal did not crack out. Taxes: The government imposes several taxes as far as airlines industry is concerned. The tax starts from the upbringing of these airlines in various sectors. Thus, the government has imposed passengers tax for about landing in international airports. Thus an increase in the taxes has a negative impact on the economy though nothing can be done in this context, lest the price is increased considerably. Turnover: The turnover for the airline industry has been quite a subjective matter as in the past two years the economic downfall has removed many employees from their respective jobs, though government airlines are still not under the amount of pressure as per the private ones but a cut down in a salary is the problem they face. The growth in terms of the GDP has been progressing in the airline industry. They differ from country to country. As the highest GDP forecast is for Qatar Airways, Briatin and the least for Iceland. The industry is one with huge investment and huge outcome resulting in dominating a major portion of the economic industry. gdp_growth2009.gif Mergers: The mergers that include the contract between two companies or industries under the same footnote to come and serve as one influencing the other or improving the current scenario. The government are many times in support of the mergers depending upon the situation and the outcome of the merger. Currently as far as India is concerned the merger or takeover of the government airlines by a private one is been talked about. As the situation of Air India these days is been going verse as not sufficient airplanes to carry and Boeing have certain destinations and areas as per the government rule as to where the flights can operate and others. Hence, the government will cooperate if the mergers are for the well being of the economy else it will be of no benefits for the other. Findings: The expansion of the airline industry is on hype. The growth of the airline industry is having a positive impact on the economy as they in turn are the inflow of cash for various other activities. In general for the airline industry are to be meet when a decision concerning the same is been taken into consideration. As the civil flying standards are to be meet. The current trends or recession has hit the airline industry to a less extent as compared to the others. And hence, it still serves its purpose and is least affected by the economic downfall, effect was seen only on the initial stages where a lot of flights were cut down and those relating to the less economic places had no longer flight schedules. Difficulty is faced when a new player gets into the airline industry due to huge infrastructure and much because of the government rules and policies. Once the airline industry requires huge some of investment as well as a favourable balance to carry out the rest. Private sector has been dominating the airlines and future can be seen as the private players are the market leaders and the government intervention has been quite reduced. New techniques of constant improvement as far as the technical aspect of airlines is concerned and Boeing has made a few major changes in its airlines and technology has been improved for the better. Constant updating for comfort and luxury are taking the upmost priority and the cost are been kept into the budget of the current public scenario. Highly complicated set off recruitments and processes for talking the employees have been faced as far as the private airlines are concerned and government strictness over the official commercial airlines too have maximised. Cut throat competition have been faced with in the several companies of airlines, where by options for talking over the other is been the best outcome to reduce the competition. RECOMENDATION The regulations pertaining to the airline industry are quite transparent and need less scope of improvement. The target market should soon hit the lower income groups as well though efforts are been done for the same but not internationally. As per the flights schedules, weather and other environmental factor the frequency of flights should be increased. Negotiate long-term contracts with service providers to lock-in incremental fees and surcharges as such. Evaluate the feasibility of ocean freight and for some portion of international deliveries which hold importance. Establish and develop high Quality Agreements between appropriate stakeholders Develop a Plan B which means to hit the target market and serves the industry well. Further scope of improvement from the government of motivating the online booking strategy. Government intervention should be slightly reduced and proper taxes should be charged and reviewed. Strengthen and change the impact and regulation wherever necessary.